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Table 1 Clinical indices of the adequacy of tissue/organ perfusion

From: Hemodynamic parameters to guide fluid therapy

   • Mean arterial pressure

Cerebral and abdominal perfusion pressures

   • Urine output

   • Mentation

   • Capillary refill

   • Skin perfusion/mottling

   • Cold extremities (and cold knees)

   • Blood lactate

   • Arterial pH, BE, and HCO3

   • Mixed venous oxygen saturation SmvO2 (or ScvO2)

   • Mixed venous pCO2

   • Tissue pCO2

   • Skeletal muscle tissue oxygenation (StO2)