Table 2 Nonexhaustive list of bacteria that cause disease in febrile neutropenic patients, with their usual sites of development

Gram-positive bacteria

Coagulase-negative staphylococci

Bloodstream infections, catheter-associated sepsis

Viridans group streptococci

Bloodstream infections, endocarditis

Enterococcus faecium

Enterococcus faecalis

Bloodstream infections, endocarditis

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus

Bloodstream infections, catheter-associated sepsis

Pediococcus species

Urine and bloodstream infections

Corynebacterium jeikeium

Endocarditis, catheter-related bacteremia, cutaneous lesions,

and nodular pulmonary infiltrates

Lactobacillus species

Bloodstream infections endocarditis, meningitis, intraabdominal

abscesses, and pneumonia

Rhodococcus equi

Suppurative pneumonia

with pulmonary abscesses and empyema

Clostridium septicum

Metastatic myonecrosis, typhlitis

Gram-negative bacteria

P. aeruginosa

Pneumonia, bloodstream infections

Escherichia coli,

Klebsiella species,

Enterobacter

Bloodstream infections, catheter-associated sepsis, and pneumonia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Pneumonia, bloodstream infections

Alcaligenes xylosoxidans and

Burkholderia cepacia

Catheter-associated sepsis

Capnocytophaga species

Bloodstream infections in bone marrow transplant recipients

Anaerobes

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Bloodstream infections,

ulcerative pharyngitis, and nodular pulmonary infiltrates due to septic emboli

Leptotrichia buccalis

Bloodstream infections with

extensive mucosal involvement in severely immunosuppressed patients

Mycobacteria

Mycobacterium chelonae

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Pneumonia, disseminated infections