Figure 3
From: Ventilator-induced lung injury: historical perspectives and clinical implications
Changes in the ultrastructural appearance of the blood-air barrier after 5 min (A) and 20 min (B) mechanical ventilation of a closed-chest rat at 45 cm H 2 O peak airway pressure. (A) The thin part of an endothelial cell (En) is detached from the basement membrane (arrowhead) forming a bleb. (B) Very severe changes in the alveolar-capillary barrier resulting in diffuse alveolar damage. The epithelial layer is totally destroyed (upper right quadrant) leading to denudation of the basement membrane (arrows). Hyaline membranes (HM), composed of cell debris and fibrin (f), occupy the alveolar space. IE, interstitial edema. Used with permission. From Dreyfuss et al. [15] (panel A) and [8] (panel B).