Table 1 Pharmacokinetic parameters of selected beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients without renal dysfunction

Cefepime

12

2 g q12h

0.34*

123

3.2

346

4

77% T > MIC

[18]

19

2 g q8h

0.36

88.2*

3.37

68

310

32

34% T > 4xMIC

[20]

13

2 g q12h

0.32*

134

2.5

249

[33]

7

2 g q12h

0.47*

125

3.42

305

7

80% T > MIC₉₀

[19]

5

100% T > MIC₉₀

17

2 g q8h

0.37

88.2*

3.37

66.56

324.02

[34]

Ceftazidime

15

2 g q8h

0.81*

151

4.75

277.31

[21]

12

2 g q8h

0.27*

3.48

124.4

331

4

92% T > MIC

[35]

17

2 g q8h

0.51

63.7*

6.28

61.65

523.49

[34]

18

2 g q8h

0.48

112*

5.84

63

522

32

45% T > 4xMIC

[20]

10

2 g q8h

0.23

112*

1.98

[36]

49

2 g q8h or 6 g CI/day

0.67*

91.3

[22]

Meropenem

8

2 g q8h or

0.38*

156.7

2.4

110.1

193.8

100% T > MIC

[37]

7

2 g LD + 3 g CI/day

0.37*

128.3

117.5

100% T > MIC

16

1 g q8h

0.43

130.9*

2.05

35

132

8

57% T > 4xMIC

[20]

10

1 g q8h or 3 g CI/day

0.32*

226.7

[23]

10

1 g q8h

0.39*

191

2.13

46.6

99.5

0.25-1

100% T > MIC

[38]

Piperacillin

8

12/1.5 g PIP/TAZ CI

0.33

286.7

144

[24]

8

4/0.5 PIP/TAZ q6h or q8h

266.6

27

4 g q6h

0.38

141.4*

2.58

123

469

64

33% T > 4xMIC

[20]

Ceftriaxone

54

2 g qd

0.28*

14.7

9.6

8

16% T > MIC

[25]

10

2 g qd

0.28*

41.3

6.4

204.9

[30]

Ertapenem

17

1 g CI/day

0.21*

43.2

4.15

90

418

2

25% T > MIC

[39]

8

1 g qd

0.85*

200.5

5.7

94.1

317.7

[26]

Flucloxacillin

10

0.29*

150.2

2.45

[27]