Influence of two different levels of intra-abdominal hypertension on bacterial translocation in a porcine model

Kaussen, Torsten; Srinivasan, Pramod Kadaba; Afify, Mamdouh; Herweg, Christiane; Tolba, René; Conze, Joachim; Schachtrupp, Alexander

doi:10.1186/2110-5820-2-S1-S17

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 9 Literature overviews of currently published animal experiments concerning bacterial translocation under the influence of IAH

From: Influence of two different levels of intra-abdominal hypertension on bacterial translocation in a porcine model

Author [Lit.] (year)	Model, weight	IAH performed via	IAH level	IAH length	Additional intervention	Detection of bacterial translocation (BT)	Microbiologically proven bacteria
Eleftheriadis et al. [16] (1996)	Rats, 210 to 290 g	CO₂-pneumo-peritoneum	15 mmHg	1 h	Decomp.+ reperf. for 3 h or 18 h	3 h^b: MLN, liver, spleen 18 h^b: liver, spleen	E. coli and 'other bacteria'
Diebel et al. [17] (1997)	Rats, 300 to 350 g	CO₂-pneumo-peritoneum	20 to 25 mmHg	1 h	Maintenance of MAP by additional fluids	Spleen^b n.s.: liver, spleen, peritoneum	E. coli, Enterobacter, Entercoccus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus spp.
Tug et al. [53] (1998)	Dogs^a, 20 to 30 kg	CO₂-pneumo-peritoneum	15 mmHg	0.5 or 2 h	-	ns.: PVB, MLN, liver, spleen, and peritoneum	Not given
Doty et al. [38] (2002)	Pigs^a, 20 to 30 kg	Instillation of saline (intra-abdominal)	30 mmHg	1 h	1. Hemorrhage 30 min 2. IAH + high-vol. fluids 3. Decomp. + reperf. for 1 h	n.s.: PVB, MLN, spleen	PVB: Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Clostridium MLN: E. coli, Clostridium, S. aureus, Escherichia fergusonii Spleen: S. aureus
Polat et al. [18] (2003)	Rats, 200 to 250 g	CO₂-pneumo-peritoneum	14, 20, or 25 mmHg	1 h	Decomp. + reperf. for 4 h	14 mmHg: n.s. 20 mmHg^b: liver > MLN > spleen 25 mmHg^b: spleen > > liver > > MLN	Gram (-) > Gram (+) Predominating bacterium: E. coli
Cheng et al. [15] (2003) (Chinese)	Rabbits	N₂-pneumo-peritoneum	10, 20, or 30 mmHg	1, 2, or 4 h	-	10 mmHg: n.s. (1 h, 2 h, 4 h) 20 mmHg^b: 33% (1 h), 67% (2 h), 100% (4 h) 30 mmHg^b: 100% (1 h, 2 h, 4 h)	Not given
Yagci et al. [20] (2005)	Rabbits, 2.5 to 3.0 kg	Inflation of an intra-abdominal bag	10, 15, 20, or 25 mmHg	12 h	-	10 mmHg^b: spleen 15 mmHg^b: MLN 20 mmHg^b: spleen > MLN > liver 25 mmHg^b: MLN > spleen > liver	Gram (-) > Gram (+) Predominating bacteria: K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and Serratia marcescens
Sukhotnik et al. [19] (2006)	Rats, 250 to 300 g	Air-pneumo-peritoneum	15 or 25 mmHg	1 h	Decomp. + reperf. for 24 h	controls: 30% BT 15 mmHg^b: 60% BT 25 mmHg^b: 80% BT	E. coli, S. aureus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella spp., and Morganella morganii
Gong et al. [62] (2009)	Rats, 250 ± 50 g	N₂-pneumo-peritoneum	20 mmHg	1 h	Decomp. + reperf. for 4 h	ACS^b: MLN > liver > spleen ACS/De^b: MLN > > liver > > spleen	Predominating bacterium: E. coli
Kubiak et al. [14] (2011)	Pigs^a, 22 to 30 kg	Placement of fecal clot i.a. + clamping of superior mesenteric artery	20 mmHg and more	48 h	-	100% bacteremia (BT)	P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis

^aLarge-animal models (in contrast to small-animal models). ^bSignificant difference compared to controls; n.s., no significant difference compared to controls. ACS, abdominal compartment syndrome (group); BT, bacterial translocation; CO₂, carbon dioxide; De/decomp. + reperf., decompression and following reperfusion after IAH; Gram (+)/(-), Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria; IAH, intra-abdominal hypertension; MLN, mesenteric lymph nodes; PB, peripheral blood; PVB, portal vein blood; spp.: not further differentiated species of bacteria; vol.: administration of fluids (volume overload).

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