Table 2 ICU characteristics
From: How caregivers view patient comfort and what they do to improve it: a French survey
All ICUs (n = 292) | Adult ICUs (n = 264) | Pediatric ICUs (n = 28) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Tertiary teaching hospital | 145 (50) | 119 (45) | 26 (93)* |
French hospital | 256 (88) | 229 (87) | 27 (96) |
Mixed medical/surgical ICU | 205 (70) | 181 (69) | 24 (86) |
Beds per ICU (mean ± SD) | 14 ± 8 | 14 ± 8 | 13 ± 5 |
ICU design and equipment (available in each room) | |||
Single-occupancy rooms only | 200 (68) | 191 (72) | 9 (32)* |
Natural light | 194 (66) | 176 (67) | 18 (64) |
Adjustable light intensity | 230 (79) | 209 (79) | 21(75) |
Call device | 235 (80) | 216 (82) | 19 (68) |
Phone | 76 (26) | 70 (26) | 6 (21) |
Television | 173 (59) | 152 (58) | 21 (75) |
Radio | 112 (38) | 97 (37) | 15 (54) |
Date | 33 (11) | 32 (12) | 1 (4) |
Time | 198 (68) | 183 (69) | 15 (53) |
ICU organization | |||
Patient to nurse ratio ≤ 2.5 | 145 (50) | 126 (48) | 19 (68)† |
Patient to nurse’s aide ratio ≤ 4 | 181 (62) | 170 (64) | 11 (39)† |
Full-time psychologist | 24 (8) | 15 (6) | 9 (32)* |
Visiting time (/day) | * | ||
<4 h | 129 (44) | 129 (49) | 0 (0) |
4-12 h | 111 (38) | 108 (41) | 3 (10) |
13-23 h | 9 (3) | 5 (2) | 4 (14) |
24 h | 43 (15) | 22 (8) | 21 (75) |
Visits from children | |||
Strictly forbidden | 16 (5) | 13 (5) | 3 (0) |
With restrictions | 240 (82) | 217 (82) | 23 (82) |
Without restrictions | 36 (12) | 36 (12) | 2 (7) |
Gown required for visitors | 162 (55) | 141 (53) | 21 (75)† |
Pictures and personal objects allowed | 280 (96) | 253 (96) | 27 (96) |
Nonverbal means of communication | 205 (70) | 192 (72) | 13 (46)† |
Care activities often or always planned for family participation | 30 (10) | 13 (0.5) | 17 (60)* |
Nurse-driven analgesia protocol | 124 (42) | 115 (43) | 9 (32) |