| Transpulmonary bubble transit |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
 | Absent to minor | Moderate | Large |  |
 | ( n  = 159) | ( n  = 42) | ( n  = 15) | p value |
Age, years | 63 (53 to 76) | 64 (48 to 74) | 72 (53 to 78) | 0.64 |
Male gender, n (%) | 110 (69.2%) | 30 (71.4%) | 10 (66.7%) | 0.93 |
McCabe and Jackson class* | Â | Â | Â | 0.12 |
0 | 99 (62.3%) | 29 (69%) | 5 (33.3%) | Â |
1 | 39 (24.5%) | 8 (19%) | 5 (33.3%) | Â |
2 | 21 (13.2%) | 5 (11.9%) | 5 (33.3%) | Â |
SAPS II at ICU admission | 55 (38 to 69) | 45 (32 to 66) | 69 (47 to 81) | 0.15 |
Cause of lung injury, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.67 |
Pneumonia | 84 (52.8%) | 23 (54.8%) | 11 (73.3%) | Â |
Aspiration | 40 (25.2%) | 10 (23.8%) | 1 (6.7%) | Â |
Non-pulmonary sepsis | 14 (8.8%) | 3 (7.1%) | 2 (13.3%) | Â |
Other causes | 21 (13.2%) | 6 (14.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.59 |
Berlin category | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Moderate ARDS | 91 (58.0%) | 26 (61.9%) | 10 (71.4%) | Â |
Severe ARDS | 66 (42.0%) | 16 (38.1%) | 4 (28.6%) | Â |
Cirrhosis | 4 (2.5%) | 1 (2.4%) | 3 (20.0%)a,b | 0.003 |
Respiratory settings# | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Tidal volume, mL/kg | 6.3 (6.0 to 7.0) | 6.1 (5.7 to 6.6) | 6.1 (5.9 to 6.6) | 0.06 |
Minute ventilation | 10.6 (9.0 to 12.0) | 10.5 (8.7 to 12.2) | 10.0 (9.1 to 12.8) | 0.95 |
Respiratory rate, bpm | 25 (23 to 30) | 28 (24 to 30) | 25 (22 to 30) | 0.46 |
PEEP, cmH2O | 10 (5 to 12) | 10 (7 to 10) | 9 (5 to 12) | 0.86 |
Plateau pressure, cmH2O | 25 (21 to 28) | 24 (20 to 27) | 28 (24 to 28) | 0.26 |
Compliance, mL/cmH2O | 30 (22 to 38) | 28 (21 to 39) | 25 (20 to 30) | 0.27 |
Driving pressure, cmH2O | 15 (11 to 18) | 14 (11 to 19) | 17 (15 to 20) | 0.14 |
Arterial blood gases$ | Â | Â | Â | Â |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mmHg | 112 (81 to 150) | 115 (77 to 161) | 132 (100 to 162) | 0.46 |
FiO2 (%) | 100 (70 to 100) | 80 (60 to 100) | 80 (60 to 100) | 0.33 |
PaO2, mmHg | 89 (70 to 116) | 87 (69 to 103) | 92 (75 to 158) | 0.44 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 41 (36 to 48) | 44 (39 to 51)a | 36 (33 to 46)b | 0.02 |
pH | 7.33 (7.24 to 7.40) | 7.34 (7.29 to 7.41) | 7.35 (7.28 to 7.40) | 0.79 |
Lactate, mmol/L | 1.3 (0.9 to 2.7) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.3) | 1.8 (0.8 to 3.1) | 0.87 |