Table 3 Baseline data and outcome of the 777 WhWd patients, separating withholding and withdrawal of treatment
Withholding, | Withdrawal, | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
N = 344 | N = 433 | ||
Age (years) median (IQR) | 71 (62–81) | 69 (60–78) | 0.03 |
Male | 222 (64.5) | 282 (65.1) | 0.9 |
SAPS II median (IQR) | 55 (44–70.5) | 62 (50–75) | <0.01 |
Knaus C and D | 188 (54.7) | 175 (40.4) | <0.01 |
McCabe = 0 | 129 (37.5) | 186 (43.0) | 0.12 |
Charlson score | 5 (3–6) | 5 (3–6) | 0.5 |
Chronic diseases: | |||
Cardiac | 135 (39.2) | 147 (33.9) | 0.13 |
Pulmonary | 128 (37.2) | 107 (24.7) | <0.01 |
Neurological | 63 (18.3) | 67 (15.5) | 0.29 |
Renal | 50 (14.5) | 59 (13.6) | 0.71 |
Vascular | 43 (12.5) | 58 (13.4) | 0.71 |
Hepatic | 30 (8.7) | 47 (10.9) | 0.32 |
Intestinal | 26 (7.6) | 28 (6.5) | 0.32 |
Neurological deficit: | |||
Cognition | 51 (14.5) | 43 (9.9) | 0.02 |
Swallowing | 24 (7.0) | 22 (5.1) | 0.17 |
Hemiplegia | 9 (2.6) | 13 (3.0) | 0.46 |
Tetraplegia | 7 (2.0) | 4 (0.9) | 0.16 |
Malignancies | 90 (26.2) | 131 (30.3) | 0.20 |
Rare diseases | 17 (4.9) | 27 (6.2) | 0.27 |
Reasons for admission: | |||
Respiratory failure | 139 (40.4) | 120 (27.7) | <0.01 |
Shock and MOF | 90 (26.2) | 125 (28.9) | 0.4 |
Brain injury | 67 (19.5) | 156 (36.0) | <0.01 |
Post-cardiac arrest | 48 (14.0) | 102 (23.6) | <0.01 |
Stroke | 13 (3.8) | 36 (8.3) | <0.01 |
Head trauma | 6 (1.7) | 18 (4.2) | 0.04 |
Other | 48 (14.0) | 32 (7.4) | <0.01 |
LOS (days) in the ICU median (IQR) | 9.5 (4–24) | 7 (3–17.5) | <0.01 |
Discharge alive from the ICU | 172 (50.0) | 21 (4.8) | <0.01 |
Delay WhWd to the last day in the ICU median (IQR) | 3 (1–9) | 1 (0–3) | <0.01 |