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Fig. 4 | Annals of Intensive Care

Fig. 4

From: Trends in use and impact on outcome of empiric antibiotic therapy and non-invasive ventilation in COPD patients with acute exacerbation

Fig. 4

Impact of ventilation method at ICU admission and that of NIV failure on VAP rate and ICU mortality: analysis with Kaplan–Meier method shows that NIV was significantly associated with a decrease in VAP (b) and ICU mortality rates (a), (log rank test, p < 0.001). Conversely, NIV failure was associated with higher rates of VAP and death in the ICU compared with patients ventilated with NIV only (log rank test, p < 0.001) and similarly to primary invasive mechanical ventilation

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