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Table 3 Main Indications and contra-indications for valvular surgery during ICU stay

From: Infective endocarditis requiring ICU admission: epidemiology and prognosis

Timing of surgery

Indications

Number of patients with contra-indications

Contra-indications

Emergency n = 69

Cardiogenic shock n = 41

Refractory pulmonary oedema n = 28

33 (47.8 %)

Multiple organ failure n = 16

Hemorrhagic stroke n = 8

Severe underlying diseases n = 7

Risk of extra cerebral hemorrhage n = 2

Urgent n = 102

Very large vegetations = 43

Large vegetations and embolic episodes n = 21

Annular abscess n = 27

Uncontrolled infection n = 8

Severe acute regurgitation n = 3

50 (49 %)

Risk of cerebral hemorrhage n = 22

Multiple organ failure n = 16

Severe underlying diseases n = 11

Risk of extra cerebral haemorrhage n = 1

Elective n = 15

Severe regurgitation without heart failure n = 12

Severe prosthetic dehiscence n = 3

2 (13.3 %)

Severe underlying diseases n = 1

Multiple organ failure n = 1