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Table 3 Methods of cooling used for therapeutic hypothermia implementation after cardiac arrest (N respondents)

From: Changes in cardiac arrest patients’ temperature management after the 2013 “TTM” trial: results from an international survey

Cold intravenous fluid infusion to induce TH (N = 396)

 Always

48 (12.1)

 Frequently

95 (24.0)

 Sometimes

100 (25.2)

 Never

152 (38.4)

 Do not know

1 (0.3)

Basic surface cooling (fans, ice packs) to induce and/or maintain TH (N = 395)

 Always

136 (34.4)

 Frequently

91 (23.0)

 Sometimes

93 (23.6)

 Never

74 (18.7)

 Do not know

1 (0.3)

External water blanket cooling to induce and/or maintain TH (N = 394)

 Always

57 (14.5)

 Frequently

34 (8.6)

 Sometimes

26 (6.6)

 Never

274 (69.5)

 Do not know

3 (0.8)

External air blanket cooling to induce and/or maintain TH (N = 396)

 Always

28 (7.1)

 Frequently

38 (9.6)

 Sometimes

59 (14.9)

 Never

269 (67.9)

 Do not know

2 (0.5)

External advanced surface cooling gel pads to induce and/or maintain TH (N = 399)

 Always

10 (2.5)

 Frequently

30 (7.5)

 Sometimes

25 (6.3)

 Never

328 (82.2)

 Do not know

6 (1.5)

Intravascular device to induce and/or maintain TH (N = 395)

 Always

28 (7.0)

 Frequently

37 (9.2)

 Sometimes

37 (9.2)

 Never

298 (74.3)

 Do not know

1 (0.3)

  1. Results are expressed as n (%)
  2. TH therapeutic hypothermia