The occlusion tests and end-expiratory esophageal pressure: measurements and comparison in controlled and assisted ventilation

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 3 Effect of paralysis, PEEP and esophageal balloon position on end-expiratory esophageal pressure (cmH₂O)

End-expiratory esophageal pressure^a			Statistical analysis^b
PEEP (cmH₂O)	Middle balloon position	Low balloon position		Coef.	95 % CI		p
Sedation with paralysis—P			P versus no P	2.47	1.66	3.27	<0.001
0	10.1 ± 2.8	10.1 ± 2.8	PEEP 10 versus 0	4.01	3.21	4.81	<0.001
10	12.2 ± 2.1	13.3 ± 2.2	Low versus middle position	2.26	1.46	3.05	<0.001
Sedation without paralysis—no P			P × Low position	−2.30	−3.43	−1.16	<0.001
0	7.7 ± 3.5	9.9 ± 3.7	P × PEEP 10	−2.00	−3.12	−0.87	0.001
10	11.7 ± 3.6	13.6 ± 3.1	Low position × PEEP 10	−0.31	−1.43	0.80	0.584
			P × Low position × PEEP 10	1.47	−0.11	3.06	0.069

Multiple linear random-intercept regression models including main effects and interaction terms
Statistically significant p values are in italics
PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, P paralysis, no P no paralysis
Data are presented as ^amean ± standard deviation and as ^b regression coefficient with 95 % CI