Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics 24 h after the admission in the ICU in patients presenting secondary peritonitis regarding the subsequent development of ventilator-associated pneumonia
VAP patients (n = 40) | Non-VAP patients (n = 378) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean years ± SD) | 71.1 ± 11.0 | 70.0 ± 13.3 | 0.61 |
Sex male [n (%)] | 31 (77.5) | 217 (57.4) | 0.014 |
Comorbidities [n (%)] | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 33 (82.5) | 283 (74.3) | 0.02 |
Hypertension | 21 (52.5) | 194 (51.3) | 0.81 |
Malignant neoplasm | 16 (40.0) | 168 (44.4) | 0.63 |
Obesity | 5 (12.5) | 52 (13.8) | 0.83 |
Chronic renal failure | 5 (12.5) | 34 (9.0) | 0.46 |
Immunosuppression | 1 (2.5) | 13 (3.4) | |
Liver disease | 2 (5.0) | 11 (2.9) | 0.46 |
Acute renal failure, dialysis | 2 (5.0) | 7 (1.9) | |
Postoperative status [n (%)] | 0.001 | ||
Septic shock | 33 (82.5) | 232 (61.4) | |
Severe sepsis | 7 (17.5) | 146 (38.6) | |
Type of infection [n (%)] | 0.007 | ||
Community-acquired | 12 (30.0) | 181 (47.9) | |
Hospital-acquired | 28 (70.0) | 197 (52.1) | |
Etiology of peritonitis [n (%)] | 0.72 | ||
Bowel perforation | 19 (47.5) | 165 (43.6) | |
Anastomotic leakage | 6 (15.0) | 74 (19.6) | |
Biliary pathology | 6 (15.0) | 44 (11.6) | |
Ischemia | 3 (7.5) | 34 (9.0) | |
Abdominal Abscess | 2 (5.0) | 36 (9.5) | |
Pancreatitis | 4 (10.0) | 18 (4.8) | |
Bladder perforation | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.8) | |
Uterine perforation | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.8) | |
Vesical perforation | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.1) | |
Location of the peritonitis† [n (%)] | 0.75 | ||
Colon/rectum | 20 (50.0) | 154 (40.7) | |
Small bowel | 7 (17.5) | 72 (19.0) | |
Biliary pathology | 5 (12.5) | 60 (15.9) | |
Stomach and duodenum | 1 (2.5) | 31 (8.2) | |
Pancreas | 4 (10.0) | 23 (6.1) | |
Appendix | 2 (5.0) | 16 (4.2) | |
Bladder | 0 (0.0) | 10 (2.6) | |
Various | 1 (2.5) | 8 (2.1) | |
Uterus/fallopian tubes | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.1) | |
Clinical score | |||
APACHE II (mean ± SD) | 15.95 ± 4.29 | 13.65 ± 5.16 | 0.007 |
SOFA (mean ± SD) | 8.10 ± 2.50 | 6.22 ± 2.46 | <0.001 |
Postoperative management | |||
Low-dose steroid therapy [n (%)] | 25 (62.5) | 97 (25.7) | <0.001 |
Blood transfusions, units | 3.50 ± 7.44 | 2.37 ± 4.89 | 0.192 |
Politransfusion (>10 units) [n (%)] | 6 (15.0) | 45 (11.9) | 0.57 |
Mechanical ventilation | |||
Total duration (days ± SD) | 8.91 ± 14.49 | 2.61 ± 6.19 | <0.001 |
Patients requiring >48 h [n (%)] | 19 (47.5) | 77 (20.4) | <0.001 |
Time for VAP onset (mean days ± SD) | 16.8 ± 15.1 | – | |
Clinical outcome | |||
Stay at ICU, median days (IQR) | 9.0 (7.0–30.0) | 3.0 (1.0–7.0) | <0.001 |
Total stay at the hospital, median days (IQR) | 45.0 (29.0–61.0) | 20.0 (11.0–34.0) | <0.001 |
Mortality after 30 days [n (%)] | 7 (17.5) | 76 (20.1) | 0.69 |
Mortality after 90 days [n (%)] | 18 (47.5) | 96 (25.4) | 0.008 |