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Table 4 Major nephrotoxic agents responsible for AKI in ICUs and in the perioperative period

From: Acute kidney injury in the perioperative period and in intensive care units (excluding renal replacement therapies)

Radiocontrast agents

Aminoglycosides

Amphotericin

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents

β-Lactams (interstitial nephropathies)

Sulfamides

Aciclovir, methotrexate, cisplatin

Cyclosporin, tacrolimus

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE)