Can we improve transthoracic echocardiography training in non-cardiologist residents? Experience of two training programs in the intensive care unit

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 3 Number of unanswered clinical questions by residents and the expert

Clinical questions	Unanswered questions by residents/expert, n
	Group I (136 CCEs)	Group II (158 CCEs)
Global LV systolic function	0/0	2/1
Heterogeneous LV contraction	4/6	6/20
RV dilatation	1/2	6/1
Paradoxal septum	–	6/4
Significant LS valve disease	17/4	12/5
Significant MR	8/2	10/5
Significant MS	20/1	10/5
Significant AR	8/1	15/4
Significant AS	24/2	14/3
Pericardial effusion	2/1	1/0
Significant respiratory variations of IVC diameter	50/28	35/20
LVEF	2/1	4/1
LVOT VTI	37/15	15/31
LV filling pressure and diastolic function^a
Ratio E/A	20/23	41/49
Ratio E/e′	13/26	29/48
Aortic peak velocity	58/23	29/21

A late transmitral velocity, AR aortic regurgitation, AS aortic stenosis, CCE critical care transthoracic echocardiography CI confidence interval, E early transmitral velocity, e′ lateral early diastolic velocity of the myocardium at the level of the lateral mitral annulus, IVC inferior vena cava, LS left-sided, LV left ventricular, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVOT left ventricular outlfow tract, MR mitral regurgitation, MS mitral stenosis, RV right ventricular, VTI velocity time integral
^aSinus rhythm