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Table 4 Comparison of baseline characteristics and outcomes between propensity score-matched patients treated by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy alone

From: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus noninvasive ventilation in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: an observational cohort study

 

NIV (n = 24)

HFNC (n = 33)

p value

Age (years)

62 ± 11

62 ± 11

0.72

Gender (male)

18 (75 %)

17 (52 %)

0.13

Knaus chronic health status score

  

0.53

 A

8 (33 %)

9 (27 %)

 

 B

6 (25 %)

11 (33 %)

 

 C

10 (42 %)

11 (33 %)

 

 D

0 (0.0 %)

2 (6.1 %)

 

Mac Cabe classification

  

0.27

 1

11 (46 %)

12 (36 %)

 

 2

6 (25 %)

15 (45 %)

 

 3

7 (29 %)

6 (18 %)

 

SAPS II at ICU admission (points)

40 ± 11

44 ± 12

0.52

Modified SOFA score at inclusion (points)

1.5 (0.0–4.0)

3.0 (1.0–6.0)

0.44

Type of immunosuppression

  

0.19

 Hematologic cancer or neutropenia

12 (50 %)

18 (55 %)

 

 Solid cancer

7 (29 %)

3 (9.1 %)

 

 Drug-induced immunosuppression

5 (21 %)

11 (33 %)

 

 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

0 (0.0 %)

1 (3.0 %)

 

Cause of respiratory failure

  

0.08

 Documented infection

9 (38 %)

19 (58 %)

 

 Cardiogenic pulmonary edema

4 (27 %)

3 (9.1 %)

 

 Specific

6 (25 %)

1 (3.0 %)

 

 Other identified causes

2 (8.3 %)

6 (18 %)

 

 Not identified cause

3 (13 %)

4 (12 %)

 

Clinical and biological parameters at inclusion

   

 Heart rate (beats/min)

107 ± 21

112 ± 21

0.55

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

140 ± 22

127 ± 23

0.17

 Respiratory rate (breaths/min)

30 ± 6

29 ± 6

0.76

 SpO2 (%)

94 ± 5

96 ± 4

0.10

 Body temperature (°C)

37.9 ± 1.1

37.9 ± 1.1

0.66

 Bilateral lung infiltrates on chest X-ray

19 (79 %)

31 (93 %)

0.12

 Arterial pH

7.45 ± 0.07

7.46 ± 0.06

0.43

 PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio (mmHg)

154 ± 57

156 ± 57

0.98

 PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio ≤ 200 mmHg

18 (75 %)

24 (73 %)

0.85

 PaCO2 (mmHg)

39 ± 8

33 ± 5

0.03

 PaCO2 > 45 mmHg

4 (17 %)

1 (3.0 %)

0.15

 Sodium bicarbonate (mmol/l)

26 ± 4

24 ± 4

0.10

Vasopressors within 24 h after ICU admission

1 (4.2 %)

4 (12 %)

0.39

Time from admission to ventilatory support initiation (h)

1 (0–1)

1 (0–1)

0.98

Need for immunosuppressive drug during ICU stay

5 (21 %)

4 (12 %)

0.47

Admission before 2011

12 (50 %)

7 (21 %)

0.04

Primary outcome

   

 28-day mortality

10 (42 %)

5 (15 %)

0.03

Secondary outcomes

   

 Intubation

13 (54 %)

10 (30 %)

0.07

 Mortality of intubated

10/13 (77 %)

4/10 (40 %)

0.07

 Time from admission to intubation (h)

48 (20–78)

35 (22–59)

>0.99

 Length of invasive mechanical ventilation (days)

8 (5–18)

5 (3–10)

>0.99

 Length of ICU stay (days)

7 (5–16)

6 (4–9)

0.13

 In-ICU mortality

10 (42 %)

4 (12 %)

0.01

  1. Nominal variables are given as number (%), and continuous data are given as median (25th–75th percentile) or mean ± standard deviation (SD) according to their distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test
  2. SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment