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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 4 Potential benefits of CGM in our ICU

From: Accuracy, reliability, feasibility and nurse acceptance of a subcutaneous continuous glucose management system in critically ill patients: a prospective clinical trial

Per patient

Blood glucose 3 days before CGM

Blood glucose 3 days during CGM*

Blood glucose 3 days after CGM

p value

(a) Longitudinal analysis. Blood glucose metrics before/during/after CGM. n = 10 patients, 998 blood glucose values

    

Number of BGA

30 [25/40]

35.5 [28/41]

26.5 [22/34]

p = .001§

Number of hypoglycemia

0 [0/0]

0 [0/0]

0 [0/0]

p = 1.00

Number of hyperglycemia

3 [1/4]

2.5 [1/5]

2 [1/3]

p = .779

Time in target (in %)

82.5 [74/98.2]

81.6 [68.9/95.6]

88.7 [81.3/94.3]

p = .452

Time <71 mg/dl (in %)

0 [0/0]

0 [0/0]

0 [0/0]

p = 1.00

Time >149 mg/dl (in %)

17.5 [1.8/26]

18.4 [4.4/31.1]

11.3 [5.7/15.4]

p = .717

Blood glucose min (mg/dl)

89 [80/100]

85 [73/106]

97.5 [85/110]

p = .273

Blood glucose max (mg/dl)

173.5 [162/187]

202 [159/218]

166 [153/185]

p = .014#

Mean glucose level (mg/dl)

134 [126.1/137.1]

130.7 [123.5/139]

128.5 [120.6/138.4]

p = .497

Mean glucose SD (mg/dl)

18.9 [15.8/22.4]

20.7 [17.6/36.4]

16.2 [11.6/24.2]

p = .741

Per patient

Blood glucose values (n = 239)

CGM sensor glucose (n = 34056)

p value

(b) Parallel analysis. Comparison of intermittent blood glucose to CGM glucose metrics including the total number of CGM readings, n = 8 patients MARD < 14 %, 239 blood glucose values, 32,044 CGM values

   

Number of readings

29.5 [26.5/31.5]

3975 [3780/4109]

p = .012

Number of hypoglycemia

0 [0/0]

0.5 [0/2]

p = .066

Number of hyperglycemia

1 [1/5]

7 [6/18]

p = .018

Time in target range (in %)

88.7 [60.7/96.5]

85.2 [57.9/91.6]

p = .208

Time <71 mg/dl (in %)

0 [0/0]

0.3 [0/2.3]

p = .068

Time >149 mg/dl (in %)

11.3 [3.6/39.3]

14.3 [6.2/40.6]

p = .327

Glucose min (mg/dl)

103.5 [87/111.5]

76 [62/91]

p = .017

Glucose max (mg/dl)

195 [154.5/211]

186 [178.5/220.5]

p = .208

Mean glucose level (mg/dl)

130.2 [124.3/147.9]

128.7 [120.5/147.4]

p = .327

Mean glucose SD (mg/dl)

19.9 [14.4/22.7]

20.6 [16.5/28.4]

p = .093

Glycemic lability index

38.0 [14/53]

36.9 [18.5/90.7]

p = .674

  1. Intra-individual longitudinal and parallel analysis, target range 71–149 mg/dl
  2. Results are expressed as median with interquartile range or as absolute numbers with percentages
  3. Glycemic lability index: time interval 1440 min = 24 h, glucose in mg/dl, sampling interval: blood glucose 120 min = 2 h, sensor glucose 1 min
  4. Number of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia: only events of newly developed hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia were considered in the analysis
  5. BGA blood glucose analysis, SD standard deviation, GLI glycemic lability index
  6. §Wilcoxon test before and during p = .123; before and after p = .05, during and after p = .005
  7. #Wilcoxon test before and during p = .241, before and after p = .415, during and after p = .013
  8. * BGAs during CGM data gaps and times of temporary system failure are included
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