Assessment and predictors of physical functioning post-hospital discharge in survivors of critical illness

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 3 Associations of physical functioning and health-related quality of life at 3 months after hospital discharge

Variable n = 50^a	6-Minute walk test	Grip	Triceps	Biceps	Hamstrings	Quadriceps	Ankle dorsiflexors
EuroQol-5D^b
Mobility	−0.211 (0.003)	−0.297 (0.030)	−0.223 (0.144)	−0.228 (0.097)	−0.283 (0.021)	−0.252 (0.019)	−0.140 (0.125)
Self-care	−0.177 (0.067)	−0.132 (0.435)	−0.170 (0.372)	0.165 (0.336)	−0.198 (0.190)	−0.177 (0.197)	−0.142 (0.212)
Usual activities	−0.177 (0.006)	−0.166 (0.153)	−0.044 (0.736)	−0.061 (0.606)	−0.103 (0.335)	−0.070 (0.446)	−0.127 (0.105)
Pain/discomfort	−0.125 (0.031)	−0.020 (0.855)	−0.011 (0.929)	−0.105 (0.345)	−0.096 (0.359)	−0.072 (0.412)	−0.031 (0.688)
Anxiety/depression	−0.123 (0.079)	−0.099 (0.476)	−0.120 (0.421)	−0.065 (0.630)	−0.021 (0.866)	−0.001 (0.994)	−0.007 (0.941)
Visual analog scale^c	0.050 (0.025)	0.324 (0.428)	0.028 (0.534)	0.018 (0.662)	0.026 (0.480)	−0.010 (0.759)	−0.009 (0.746)
Short-from 36
Physical functioning^d	0.005 (0.001)	0.006 (0.019)	0.004 (0.178)	0.004 (0.112)	0.005 (0.026)	0.004 (0.062)	0.003 (0.063)
Physical composite score^e	0.010 (0.001)	0.008 (0.185)	0.000 (0.997)	0.007 (0.266)	0.009 (0.105)	0.008 (0.113)	0.004 (0.320)
Mental composite score^e	0.005 (0.118)	0.010 (0.128)	0.003 (0.712)	0.006 (0.409)	0.005 (0.416)	0.005 (0.308)	0.004 (0.453)
HADS^f
Anxiety	−0.029 (0.001)	−0.023 (0.176)	−0.025 (0.179)	−0.025 (0.130)	−0.023 (0.123)	−0.018 (0.16)	−0.014 (0.251)
Depression	−0.016 (0.098)	−0.033 (0.080)	−0.008 (0.718)	−0.023 (0.214)	−0.012 (0.174)	−0.027 (0.067)	0.010 (0.450)

ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, 6MWT 6-min walk test
^aβ-Coefficients (p value) modeled as univariate regression analyses. 6MWT and muscle strength modeled as percent predicted. β-Coefficients represent the percent change in the physical functioning variable per unit change in exposure variable
^bEach domain of the EuroQol-5D questionnaire modeled as 0 “no problems” and 1 “any problems”
^cVisual analog scale of the EQ-5D scores ranges from 0 to 10 based on patients perspective of current overall health
^dThe physical function domain is standardized to a 0–100 scale, and higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life
^ePhysical and mental composite scores of the short-form 36 survey, standardized to Canadian norms. Scores can range from 0 to 100 and are standardized to 50, which represents the average Canadian’s health-related quality of life
^fHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), scores range from 0 to 21, significant symptoms of anxiety/depression defined as scores ≥8