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Table 1 Clinical characteristics, outcome data and biochemistry values on day 1 of admission

From: Impact of chloride and strong ion difference on ICU and hospital mortality in a mixed intensive care population

 

Entire cohort

n = 10,165

Admission type

Medical

n = 3505 (34.5 %)

Elective surgery

Emergency surgery and trauma

n = 2109 (20.7 %)

Cardiac

Other

n = 2357 (23.2 %)

n = 2194 (21.6 %)

Demographic data

 Female (%)

3861 (38.0 %)

1369 (39.1 %)

754 (32.0 %)

914 (41.7 %)

824 (39.1 %)

 Age (mean in years ± SD)

62.7 ± 15.3

63.0 ± 15.0

68.7 ± 10.7

60.1 ± 14.4

58.1 ± 17.0

 SAPS-3 (mean ± SD)

49.5 ± 16.2

61.3 ± 14.5

40.5 ± 8.9

36.8 ± 10.9

53.1 ± 14.1

Comorbidities [n (%)]

 Chronic kidney disease

1317 (12.9 %)

600 (17.1 %)

297 (12.6 %)

187 (8.5 %)

233 (11.1 %)

 Heart failure

2931 (28.8 %)

963 (27.19 %)

1392 (59.1 %)

217 (9.9 %)

369 (17.5 %)

 COPD

1120 (11.0 %)

490 (14.0 %)

228 (9.7 %)

243 (11.1 %)

159 (7.5 %)

 Diabetes mellitus

1743 (17.2 %)

671 (19.1 %)

489 (20.8 %)

290 (13.2 %)

293 (13.9 %)

 Liver cirrhosis

348 (3.4 %)

202 (5.8 %)

10 (0.4 %)

63 (2.9 %)

73 (3.5 %)

 Malignancy

440 (4.3 %)

96 (2.7 %)

11 (0.5 %)

283 (12.9 %)

50 (2.37 %)

Outcome [n (%)]

     

 30-day ICU mortality

929 (9.1 %)

622 (17.8 %)

54 (2.3 %)

44 (2.0 %)

209 (9.9 %)

 Hospital mortalitya

1661 (19.7 %)

1061 (37.6 %)

99 (4.5 %)

173 (10.0 %)

327 (19.1 %)

Covariates of interest on day of admission (mean ± SD)

   

 Chloride (mmol/L)

107.3 ± 5.5

104.6 ± 6.0

111.3 ± 3.4

107.6 ± 3.9

107.1 ± 5.3

 SIDa (mEq/L)

42.9 ± 3.6

44.3 ± 4.0

41.2 ± 3.0

42.4 ± 2.9

43.1 ± 3.4

Biochemistry and physicochemical covariates on day of admission (mean ± SD)

 

 Sodium (mmol/L)

140.1 ± 4.9

138.8 ± 5.4

142.3 ± 3.7

139.9 ± 3.7

140.1 ± 5.2

 Lactate (mmol/L)

2.4 ± 2.1

2.4 ± 2.5

2.8 ± 1.6

1.7 ± 1.1

2.5 ± 2.4

 Albumin (g/L)

27.2 ± 7.0

28.5 ± 6.9

23.0 ± 5.0

28.5 ± 6.1

28.2 ± 8.0

 SIDa incl. lactate (mEq/L)

40.6 ± 3.9

42.0 ± 4.3

38.4 ± 2.9

40.7 ± 3.0

40.7 ± 3.6

 SIDe (mEq/L)

33.7 ± 4.9

34.8 ± 5.8

30.6 ± 3.3

34.7 ± 3.5

34.0 ± 4.6

 SIG (mEq/L)

6.9 ± 3.5

7.2 ± 3.8

7.8 ± 2.9

5.9 ± 3.0

6.6 ± 3.7

  1. SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SIDa apparent strong ion difference, SIDe effective strong ion difference, SIG strong ion gap
  2. aIf more than one ICU admission, only data on the last admission were used