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Table 2 Comparison of biological and transfusion characteristics of days on ECMO with and without bleeding events

From: Predictive factors of bleeding events in adults undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Variablea

ECMO days without bleeding (n = 1144)

ECMO days with bleeding (n = 203)

P

Lowest Hb (g/dL)b

93 (90–95)

87 (84–89)

<0.01

Lowest platelet count (×109 cells/L)b

125 (115–134)

131 (122–141)

0.15

Highest INRb

1.6 (1.5–2.0)

1.9 (1.7–2.0)

0.14

Lowest Fg (g/L)b

4.0 (3.8–4.3)

3.9 (3.7–4.2)

0.59

Highest aPTT (s)b

71 (67–76)

90 (81–98)

<0.01

Lowest arterial pHb

7.35 (7.33–7.36)

7.30 (7.28–7.32)

<0.01

Lowest temperature (°C)b

36.1 (35.9–36.2)

36.1 (35.9–36.2)

0.85

Highest urea (mmol/L)b

11.1 (10.4–11.7)

11.4 (10.6–12.2)

0.40

Lowest corrected calcium (mmol/L)b

1.09 (1.07–1.10)

1.02 (1.01–1.05)

<0.01

Highest free haemoglobinb

0.07 (0.06–0.08)

0.07 (0.05–0.10)

0.65

RRTb

461 (40 %)

76 (37 %)

0.43

Bilirubinb

22.6 (19.6–26.0)

22.1 (20.0–24.4)

0.67

Anticoagulation

   

Heparin infusionb

816 (71 %)

106 (52 %)

<0.01

Hours on heparin per dayb

22 (19–24)

18 (15–20)

0.04

Highest aPTT if receiving heparin (s)b

69 (64–73)

86 (76–95)

<0.01

Daily dose heparin if receiving heparin (unit)b

19,256 (17,292–21,219)

21,400 (19,187–23,614)

0.06

Centre Alfred Hospital

1085 (95 %)

181 (89 %)

0.10

Max membrane gradient (mmHg)

21 (19–23)

20 (17–22)

0.55

VA ECMO

737 (64 %)

164 (81 %)

<0.01

Type of access if VA ECMO, peripheral

697 (94 %)

146 (89 %)

0.04

  1. Hb haemoglobin, INR international normalised ratio, Fg fibrinogen, aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time, RRT renal replacement therapy, IABP intra-aortic balloon pump, VA ECMO veno-arterial ECMO
  2. aMean (95 % CI) adjusted for repeated measures presented for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables. P values are adjusted for repeated measures
  3. bValues are for day prior to bleeding event when considering ECMO days with bleeding