Stratified analysis
|
No. of trials
|
No. of patientsa
|
Risk ratio (95% CI) SMD (95% CI)
|
p value
|
I
2 (p value)
|
---|
In-hospital mortality
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
5
|
404
|
0.83 (0.62–1.11)
|
0.20
|
0% (0.57)
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
5
|
399
|
0.82 (0.62–1.09)
|
0.17
|
0% (0.73)
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 Versus <10 cmH2O
|
3
|
131
|
2.04 (0.19–21.85)
|
0.56
|
77% (0.04)
|
28-Day mortality
| | | | | |
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
1
|
63
|
0.82 (0.47–1.45)
|
0.50
|
NA
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
2
|
183
|
0.55 (0.26–1.18)
|
0.12
|
76% (0.04)
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 versus <10 cmH2O
|
1
|
120
|
0.38 (0.24–0.62)
|
<0.001
|
NA
|
Duration of ventilation
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
2
|
87
|
0.89 (−0.95–2.73)
|
0.34
|
91% (< 0.01)
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
2
|
101
|
0.17 (−0.25–0.60)
|
0.43
|
13% (0.28)
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 versus <10 cmH2O
|
1
|
38
|
0.45 (−0.20–1.09)
|
0.18
|
NA
|
ARDS
| | | | | |
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
4
|
410
|
0.43 (0.21–0.91)
|
0.03
|
56% (0.08)
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
3
|
298
|
0.52 (0.27–1.02)
|
0.06
|
50% (0.13)
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 versus <10 cmH2O
|
0
|
0
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
Pneumonia
| | | | | |
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
3
|
331
|
0.58 (0.29–1.15)
|
0.12
|
58% (0.09)
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
2
|
219
|
0.64 (0.24–1.66)
|
0.36
|
72% (0.06)
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 versus <10 cmH2O
|
0
|
0
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
Atelectasis
| | | | | |
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
3
|
331
|
0.74 (0.33–1.66)
|
0.46
|
74% (0.02)
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
2
|
219
|
1.00 (0.54–1.84)
|
0.99
|
63% (0.10)
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 versus <10 cmH2O
|
0
|
0
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
Barotrauma
| | | | | |
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
4
|
374
|
0.60 (0.13–2.70)
|
0.50
|
52% (0.15)
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
3
|
257
|
0.79 (0.28–2.27)
|
0.67
|
22% (0.28)
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 versus <10 cmH2O
|
4
|
203
|
6.26 (0.78–50.47)
|
0.09
|
0% (0.46)
|
PaO
2
/FiO
2
ratio
| | | | | |
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
2
|
143
|
0.63 (0.29–0.96)
|
< 0.01
|
0% (0.79)
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
2
|
247
|
1.17 (0.06–2.28)
|
0.04
|
94% (< 0.01)
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 versus <10 cmH2O
|
4
|
253
|
0.74 (−0.14–1.61)
|
0.10
|
89% (< 0.01)
|
Hypoxemia
| | | | | |
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
2
|
170
|
0.42 (0.19–0.92)
|
0.03
|
19% (0.27)
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
1
|
127
|
0.35 (0.20–0.61)
|
< 0.01
|
NA
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 versus <10 cmH2O
|
1
|
43
|
1.05 (0.16–6.77)
|
0.96
|
NA
|
Blood pressure
| | | | | |
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
1
|
120
|
−0.92 (−1.30 to –0.54)
|
< 0.01
|
NA
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 versus <10 cmH2O
|
2
|
158
|
−0.21 (−1.68 to 1.26)
|
0.78
|
92% (< 0.01)
|
Hypotension
| | | | | |
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
High PEEP versus ZEEP
|
1
|
63
|
1.10 (0.68–1.79)
|
0.70
|
NA
|
Type of patient
| | | | | |
Medical patients
|
1
|
63
|
1.10 (0.68–1.79)
|
0.70
|
NA
|
Level of PEEP
| | | | | |
≥10 versus <10 cmH2O
|
1
|
82
|
32.16 (2.04–507.16)
|
0.01
|
NA
|
-
CI confidence interval, SMD standardized mean difference, ICU intensive care unit, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, ZEEP zero positive end-expiratory pressure, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, NA not applicable
-
aConsidering the studies included in each subgroup analysis