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Table 1 Characteristics of the patients

From: Neutrophil expression of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) anti-inflammatory protein is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome severity

Patients

Ventilated controls (n = 14)

Mild (n = 1) and moderate (n = 6) ARDS

Severe ARDS (n = 10)

p value

Age (years, median ± IQR)

56 ± 19

52 ± 24

59 ± 6

0.82

Male/female (number)

9/5

6/1

7/3

0.78

Comorbidities

    

 Smoking (number, percentage)

4 (29%)

5 (71%)

2 (20%)

0.07

 Obstructive airway diseases (number, percentage)

5 (36%)

5 (71%)

4 (40%)

0.27

 Cardiovascular disease (number, percentage)

1 (7%)

1 (14%)

0.49

 Diabetes (number, percentage)

2 (14%)

1 (14%)

0.45

 Malignancy (number, percentage)

1 (14%)

1 (10%)

0.39

Reasons for ICU admission

 Sepsis (number, percentage)

7 (50%)

6 (86%)

8 (80%)

0.15

 Pneumonia (number, percentage)

5 (36%)

5 (71%)

5 (50%)

0.30

 Postoperative care (number, percentage)

11 (79%)

7 (100%)

9 (90%)

0.36

 Congestive heart failure (number, percentage)

2 (14%)

1 (14%)

0.45

 Hemorrhagic shock (number, percentage)

1 (14%)

2 (29%)

0.13

 Trauma (number, percentage)

4 (29%)

1 (14%)

3 (30%)

0.73

 SAPS II (median ± IQR)

39.0 ± 13.5

45.0 ±  21.0

43.5 ± 20.5

0.67

 SOFA at inclusion (median ± IQR)

6 ± 4

7 ± 2

7.5 ± 3.5

0.06

 CRP at inclusion (mg/L, median  ± IQR)

217 ± 325

211 ± 195

273 ± 313

0.80

 Number of samples per patient (range)

1–5

1–5

1–9

Cause of lung injury

 Pneumonia at inclusion (number, percentage)

5 (36%)

5 (71%)

8 (80%)

0.081

 Aspiration (number, percentage)

1 (7%)

2 (29%)

3 (30%)

0.29

 Septic shock at inclusion (number, percentage)

5 (36%)

6 (86%)

8 (80%)

0.043

 Extra pulmonary cause (number, percentage)

3 (43%)

2 (20%)

0.038

 Steroid therapya (number, percentage)

1 (7%)

1 (14%)

5 (50%)

0.051

 Vasoactive agent therapya (number, percentage)

7 (50%)

7 (100%)

6 (60%)

0.065

 Lung injury score at inclusion (median ± IQR)

0.67 ± 0.91

2.33 ± 0.66

3.00 ± 0.72

<0.0001

Respiratory variables

 Positive end-expiratory pressure, cmH20 (median ± IQR)

5 ± 0.5

8 ± 1

9 ± 2

0.001

 PaO2/FiO2 at inclusion mmHg (median ± IQR)

253 ± 85

210 ± 49

67 ± 29

<0.0001

 PaCO2 at inclusion mmHg (median ± IQR)

41 ± 5

43 ± 4

43 ± 4

0.72

 ECMOa (number, percentage)

6 (60%)

0.0004

 Mortality at day 28 (number, percentage)

4 (28%)

2 (29%)

6 (60%)

0.26

  1. ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, LIS Lung Injury Score [23], SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II [21], ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, CRP C-reactive protein, IQR interquartile range
  2. p values: determined by Kruskal–Wallis test or Fisher’s exact test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively
  3. aDuring the ICU stay