Prediction of non-recovery from ventilator-demanding acute respiratory failure, ARDS and death using lung damage biomarkers: data from a 1200-patient critical care randomized trial

Table 3 Acute respiratory distress syndrome^a according to Berlin criteria—multivariable logistic regression

	Learning cohort (northern) N = 405				Validating cohort (southern) N = 353
	P value	Odds ratio	95% CI for OR		P value	Odds ratio	95% CI for OR
	P value	Odds ratio	Lower	Upper	P value	Odds ratio	Lower	Upper
Surfactant protein D (≥85th percentile in “learning cohort,” ≥525.6 ng/mL vs. <525.6 ng/mL)	0.042^a	3.4	1.0	11.4	0.003^a	8.4	2.0	35.4
Club cell secretory protein 16 (≥85th percentile in “learning cohort,” ≥42.8 ng/mL vs. <42.8 ng/mL)	0.14	2.6	0.7	9.7	1.0	0.96	0.20	4.5
PaO₂/FiO₂ (Q1 vs. Q2-Q4)	0.076	2.9	0.9	9.1	0.001^a	9.3	2.6	33.7
Apache II score (per score unit increase)	0.23	1.025	0.984	1.067	0.57	1.023	0.946	1.106
Age (per year increase)	0.56	1.015	0.965	1.067	0.26	0.974	0.93	1.02
Severe sepsis/septic shock (vs. milder or no infection)	0.19	2.1	0.68	6.8	0.06	3.6	0.96	13.6
Charlson’s comorbidity index ≥2 vs. <2	0.23	0.41	0.10	1.7	0.12	0.28	0.053	1.42
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (yes vs. no)	0.74	0.76	0.15	3.8	0.65	1.43	0.30	6.7
Gender (male vs. female)	0.32	0.56	0.18	1.74	0.67	1.30	0.40	4.2
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (per ml increase)	0.19	1.005	0.998	1.011	0.61	1.003	0.992	1.01

Adjusted logistic regression risk estimates for known, suspected and explored predictors of ARDS. Abbreviations: Q1: quartile 1
Biomarker levels were not known for radiologists and ICU physicians who diagnosed ARDS
OR, odds ratio
^aAll severities (mild, moderate, severe) of ARDS were counted