Table 2 Baseline characteristics, interventions used and glucometrics of patients reaching an average glycemia ≤110 mg/dl versus those with an average glycemia >110 mg/dl

Number of patients

19

38

Patient demographics

 Men/women

8/11

22/16

NS

 Diabetic status (no/type1/type2)

14/1/4

23/4/11

NS

 Age (years)

65 ± 11

63 ± 12

NS

 BMI (kg/m²)

26.3 ± 3.8

27.1 ± 6.1

NS

Severity of illness

 APACHE-II score

27 ± 6

28 ± 7

NS

 SOFA score

10 ± 4

10 ± 3

NS

Clinical interventions

 Mechanical ventilation

14

31

NS

 Vasopressor therapy

12

23

NS

 Hemodialysis

5

9

NS

 No/total parenteral/enteral feeding

4/6/9

13/11/14

NS

 Glucocorticoids

15

12

0.01

 Antibiotics

17

29

NS

Protocol (Leuven/Yale)

7/12

15/23

NS

Insulin dose

 Day 1 (units)

62 (33–133)

63 (39–128)

NS

 Day 2 (units)

67 (23–101)

70 (42–120)

NS

Glucose parameters

 HbA1c (%)

6.1 (5.6–6.7)

6.0 (5.8–6.9)

NS

 HbA1c (mmol/mol)

43 (38–50)

70 (42–120)

NS

 Median glycemia (mg/dl)

104 (100–108)

128 (119–141)

<0.0001

 % of time at glycemia

  <60 mg/dl

5 (0–8)

0 (0–4)

0.067

  80–110 mg/dl

41 ± 14

27 ± 13

0.001

  >150 mg/dl

6 ± 6

28 ± 18

<0.0001

  >200 mg/dl

1 ± 2

10 ± 16

0.017

  60–150 mg/dl

89 ± 11

69 ± 19

<0.0001

  70–180 mg/dl

86 ± 14

80 ± 19

NS

 Nr of art blood glc measurements/day

10 ± 3

10 ± 4

NS

 Glucose variability parameters

  SD (mg/dl)

25 (20–36)

38 (29–63)

0.003

  Coefficient of variation (%)

25 (20–33)

29 (23–44)

NS

  IQR

33 (27–55)

45 (35–76)

0.031

  MAGE (mg/dl)

50 (34–72)

60 (43–100)

0.085

  MODD (mg/dl)

29 (22–45)

42 (32–76)

0.005

  M-100

2 (1–4)

6 (4–14)

0.001

  CONGA1 (mg/dl)

15 (12–19)

21 (15–35)

0.008

  CONGA2 (mg/dl)

22 (17–28)

32 (20–48)

0.010

  CONGA4 (mg/dl)

29 (18–43)

42 (27–69)

0.011

  LBGI

2.7 (0.9–3.8)

0.7 (0.2–1.9)

0.001

  HBGI

0.3 (0.2–1.1)

2.0 (1.4–4.5)

<0.0001

  Glucose variability

21 (17–28)

36 (29–53)

<0.0001