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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Conditions where pulse pressure and stroke volume variations are less reliable

From: Prediction of fluid responsiveness: an update

Spontaneous breathing

False+

Cardiac arrhythmias

False+

Low Vt/low lung compliance

False−

Open chest

False−

Increased intra-abdominal pressure

False+

Very high respiratory rate (HR/RR < 3.6)

False−

Right heart failure*

False+

  1. * See text for details
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