Table 1 Characteristics of study patients (N = 2336) and comparison between patients with and without acute kidney injury
Characteristics | Data available | All N = 2336 | No AKI N = 1528 | AKI N = 808 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 2336 | 62.0 (49.0–72.0) | 61.0 (47.0–71.0) | 64.0 (53.0–73.8) | <0.001 |
Gender (male) | 2336 | 1479 (63.3) | 951 (61.6) | 538 (66.6) | 0.019 |
Operative admission | 2336 | 886 (37.9) | 577 (37.8) | 309 (38.2) | 0.823 |
Emergency admission | 2336 | 2007 (85.9) | 1312 (85.9) | 695 (86.0) | 0.950 |
Pre-morbid functional performance | 2331 | 0.002 | |||
Normal | 1246 (53.5) | 858 (56.2) | 388 (48.2) | ||
Disabled to work but no need for assistance | 803 (34.4) | 500 (32.8) | 303 (37.6) | ||
Some assistance required | 216 (9.3) | 131 (8.6) | 85 (10.6) | ||
Totally dependent on assistance | 66 (2.8) | 37 (2.4) | 29 (3.6) | ||
APACHE diagnosis main groups | 2336 | <0.001 | |||
Respiratory | 264 (11.3) | 178 (11.6) | 86 (10.6) | ||
Metabolic | 244 (10.4) | 181 (11.8) | 63 (7.8) | ||
Neurological | 110 (4.7) | 100 (6.5) | 10 (1.2) | ||
Gastrointestinal, non-op | 139 (6.0) | 81 (5.3) | 58 (7.2) | ||
Gastrointestinal, post-op | 204 (8.7) | 119 (7.8) | 85 (10.5) | ||
Sepsis | 126 (5.4) | 61 (4.0) | 65 (8.0) | ||
Cardiovascular, non-op | 244 (10.4) | 155 (10.1) | 89 (11.0) | ||
Cardiovascular, post-op | 400 (17.1) | 240 (15.7) | 160 (19.8) | ||
Trauma, non-op | 118 (5.1) | 92 (6.0) | 26 (3.2) | ||
Arteriosclerosis | 2336 | 279 (11.9) | 158 (10.3) | 121 (15.0) | 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 2336 | 134 (5.7) | 53 (3.5) | 81 (10.0) | <0.001 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2336 | 203 (8.7) | 127 (8.3) | 76 (9.4) | 0.396 |
Diabetes mellitus | 2332 | 507 (21.7) | 297 (19.5) | 210 (26.0) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 2336 | 1072 (45.9) | 630 (41.2) | 442 (54.7) | <0.001 |
Chronic liver failure | 2336 | 70 (3,0) | 43 (2.8) | 27 (3.3) | 0.524 |
Malignancy | 2200 | 63 (2.9) | 44 (3.0) | 19 (2.5) | 0.504 |
Rheumatoid disease | 2336 | 100 (4.3) | 63 (4.1) | 37 (4.6) | 0.593 |
Systolic heart failure | 2336 | 233 (10.0) | 142 (9.3) | 91 (11.3) | 0.146 |
Thrombophilia | 2336 | 125 (5.4) | 81 (5.3) | 44 (5.4) | 0.923 |
Total number of comorbidities | 2175 | <0.001 | |||
None | 882 (37.8) | 627 (41.0) | 255 (31.6) | ||
One | 627 (26.8) | 432 (28.3) | 195 (24.1) | ||
Two | 478 (20.5) | 288 (18.8) | 190 (23.5) | ||
Three or more | 349 (14.9) | 181 (11.8) | 168 (20.8) | ||
Vasoactive drugs | 2336 | 1419 (60.7) | 810 (53.0) | 609 (75.4) | <0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation | 2336 | 1540 (65.9) | 975 (63.8) | 565 (69.9) | 0.003 |
Severe sepsis at ICU | 2336 | 645 (27.6) | 326 (21.3) | 319 (39.5) | <0.001 |
SAPS II | 2336 | 34.0 (26.0–44.0) | 32.0 (24.0–41.0) | 39.0 (31.0–49.0) | <0.001 |
SAPS II without age and renal points | 2305 | 20.0 (13.0–27.0) | 19.0 (13.0–27.0) | 21.0 (15.0–28.0) | 0.001 |