Table 2 Clinical manifestations of 31 patients with invasive fungal tracheobronchitis
Variable | No. of patients (%) |
|---|---|
APACHE II score on ICU admission, mean ± SD | 23.1 ± 10.4 |
AKI requiring RRT | 14 (45.2) |
RF before diagnosis reached | 31 (100) |
Time in the ICU before diagnosis, days (IQR) | 5 (1.8–8) |
Length of ICU stay, days (IQR) | 14 (8–27) |
Concurrent bacterial sepsis | 18 (58.1) |
Parenchymal involvement | 31 (100) |
CT scan | 21 (67.7) |
Consolidation | 19 (61.3) |
Cavitation | 4 (12.9) |
Air crescent sign | 1 (3.2) |
Bronchoscopic classification | |
Pseudomembranous | 27 (87.1) |
Ulcerative | 12 (38.7) |
Obstructive | 4 (12.9) |
Diagnosis of IFT | |
Proven | 25 (80.6) |
Probable | 6 (19.4) |
Pathogen | |
Aspergillus spp. | 19 (61.3) |
Aspergillus fumigatus | 11 (35.4) |
Aspergillus flavus | 2 (6.5) |
Aspergillus terrus | 1 (3.2) |
Undifferentiated Aspergillus species | 5 (16.1) |
Mucorales | 8 (25.8) |
Candida spp. | 2 (6.5) |
Undifferentiated mold | 2 (6.5) |
BAL fungal culture | |
Positive | 25 (80.6) |
Negative | 6 (19.4) |
Galactomannan level in Aspergillus tracheobronchitis | |
Serum (index) | 3.44 ± 2.8 |
BAL (index) | 4.87 ± 2.6 |
Antifungal therapy | 29 (93.5) |
Voriconazole | 15 (48.4) |
Echinocandin | 19 (61.3) |
Combination therapy | 8 (25.8) |