Implementation and evaluation of a paediatric nurse-driven sedation protocol in a paediatric intensive care unit

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 3 Analysis of changes in the level and trend in outcomes after implementation of the nurse-driven sedation protocol

Outcomes	Pre-implementation period From 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013 (n = 104 children)		Post-implementation period From 1 May 2014 to 31 March 2015 (n = 93 children)
Outcomes	Overall trend before the implementation of protocol^a	p value	Immediate change after the implementation of protocol^b	p value	Change in trend after the implementation of protocol^c	p value
Duration of mechanical ventilation (days)	−0.35 (0.42)	0.450	0.17 (1.64)	0.923	−0.05 (0.60)	0.933
PICU length of stay (days)	−0.71 (0.90)	0.476	6.56 (3.49)	0.134	−1.07 (1.28)	0.450
Sufentanil
Daily dose (μg/kg/day)	0.19 (0.31)	0.574	0.38 (1.22)	0.770	−0.21 (0.44)	0.668
Duration of administration (h)	−3.31 (4.79)	0.528	−1.42 (18.6)	0.943	−1.32 (6.78)	0.855
Midazolam
Daily dose (mg/kg/day)	−0.12 (0.18)	0.541	0.04 (0.69)	0.955	0.02 (0.25)	0.944
Duration of administration (h)	0.27 (3.59)	0.944	−13.4 (13.9)	0.389	−3.39 (5.07)	0.541
Ketamine
Daily dose (mg/kg/day)	1.11 (2.96)	0.727	1.97 (11.5)	0.872	−3.06 (4.19)	0.506
Duration of administration (h)	7.06 (21.2)	0.756	−4.82 (82.1)	0.956	−17.2 (30.0)	0.598

Negative numbers represent a decline, and inversely, positive numbers represent an increase in outcomes values
^aMean change (standard deviation in brackets) of each outcome per semester before the implementation of the protocol
^bExpressed as a mean change (standard deviation in brackets) of each outcome immediately after implementation of the nurse-driven protocol compared with the pre-implementation period
^cMean change (standard deviation in brackets) of each outcome per semester after the implementation of the protocol compared with the pre-implementation period