Table 1 Summary of included randomized controlled trials

1

Bouman [53]

Mixed

Not specified

Netherland

M

Oliguria <30 cc/h, shock with vasopressor support

eGFR <30; cirrhosis obstructive AKI

71

42 (59%)

68.4

CRRT

n/a

In-hospital mortality

I: 18/35

C: 14/36

In-ICU mortality

I: 13/35

C: 10/36

28-day mortality

I: 11/35

C: 9/36

2

Durmaz [38]

Surgical

n/a

Turkey

S

n/a

n/a

44

n/a

n/a

IHD

2 (4.5%)

In-hospital mortality

I: 1/20

C: 7/16

3

Sugahara [33]

Surgical

1995–1997

Japan

S

Urine output < 30 cc/h or increase in SCr > 0.5 mg/dL/day

Pregnant

Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum bilirubin level of 5.0 mg/dL or higher)

Mental disorders Cancers

28

18 (64%)

64.5

CRRT

n/a

14-day mortality

I: 2/14

C: 12/14

4

Koo [34]

Mixed

Not specified

Korea

S

Severe sepsis or septic shock

Not specified

102

62 (61%)

62

CRRT

102 (100%)

In-hospital mortality

I: 12/43

C: 30/59

5

Jamale [37]

Mixed

2011–2012

India

S

Severe AKI with increasing BUN and SCr levels

Needing urgent dialysis; Previous dialysis history

Recovering AKI

208

141 (68%)

42.4

IHD

44 (21%)

In-hospital mortality

I: 21//102

C: 13/106

6

Combes [35]

Surgical

2009–2012

France

M

Postoperative shock, needing high dose vasopressors or ECMO

<18 years old; pregnant; Enrolled into current or other trials previous RRT Weight > 120 kg

SAPSII > 90

224

177 (79%)

59.4

CRRT

n/a

In-hospital mortality

I: 50/112

C: 44/112

In-ICU mortality

I: 50/112

C: 44/112

30-day mortality

I: 40/112

C: 40/112

60-day mortality

I: 48/112

C: 42/112

90-day mortality

I: 51/112

C: 43/112

7

Wald [36]

Mixed

2013–2013

Canada

M

KDIGO AKI Stage 3, oliguria > 12 h or NGAL > 400 ng/ml

Withdrawal of life support Intoxication

RRT within the previous 2 months; renal obstruction, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, or interstitial nephritis; eGFR < 30 ml/min per 1.73 m² the passage of 48 h since doubling of baseline serum creatinine

100

72 (72%)

63.1

Mixed

56 (56%)

In-hospital mortality

I: 16/48

C: 19/52

In-ICU mortality

I: 13/48

C: 16/52

90-day mortality

I: 18/48

C: 19/52

8

Zarbock [29]

Surgical

2013–2015

Germany

S

KDIGO AKI stage 2

eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.732 m² previous RRT

AKI caused by permanent occlusion of renal artery or surgery

Glomerular nephritis, interstitial nephritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome

Pregnancy

AIDS

Heptorenal syndrome

231

146 (63%)

67.0

CRRT

75 (32%)

30-day mortality

I: 34/112

C: 48/119

60-day mortality

I: 43/112

C: 60/119

90-day mortality

I: 44/112

C: 65/119

9

Gaudry [28]

Mixed

2013–2016

France

M

Ischemic or toxic AKI and receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, catecholamine infusion or both, and AKIN Stage 3

BUN > 112 mg/dL

Blood K > 6.0 mmol/L

A pH < 7.15

Acute pulmonary edema

619

405 (65%

66.2

Mixed

483 (78%)

30-day mortality

I: 129/311

C: 134/308

60-day mortality

I: 150/311

C: 153/308