Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcome of patients with hypoglycemic encephalopathy
From: Functional outcome of patients with prolonged hypoglycemic encephalopathy
All (n = 49) | Good outcome (mRS ≤ 3) (n = 18) | Poor outcome (mRS > 3) (n = 31) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 27 (55) | 9 (50) | 18 (58) | 0.28 |
Age (years) | 55 [44–70] | 52 [39–64] | 56 [45–71] | 0.11 |
Chronic alcohol abuse | 17 (35) | 5 (28) | 12 (39) | 0.23 |
Diabetes | 29 (59) | 8 (44) | 21 (68) | 0.01 |
SAPS II | 55 [49–60] | 54 [44–61] | 55 [50–60] | 0.75 |
mRS prior to ICU admission | 1 [0–2] | 0 [0–1] | 1 [0–2] | 0.03 |
Etiology | ||||
Insulin and/or oral antidiabetics | 32 (65) | 12 (67) | 20 (65) | 0.89 |
Neuroendocrine carcinoma | 8 (16) | 2 (11) | 6 (19) | |
Alcohol abuse | 2 (4) | 1 (6) | 1 (3) | |
Adrenal insufficiency | 1(2) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | |
Unknown | 6 (12) | 2 (11) | 4 (13) | |
Duration of hypoglycemia, min (n = 27) | 480 [35–720] | 45 [30–120] | 660 [187–1283] | 0.006 |
Initial glycemia (g/L) | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.51 |
Glycemia on ICU admission (g/L) | 1.01 ± 0.58 | 1.05 ± 0.16 | 1.50 ± 0.44 | 0.45 |
GCS | ||||
Initial | 4 ± 1 | 4 ± 1 | 4 ± 1 | 0.45 |
After glycemia normalization | 5 ± 1 | 5 ± 2 | 5 ± 1 | 0.89 |
Seizures | 8 (16) | 6 (33) | 2 (6) | <0.001 |
Temperature (°C) | ||||
Initial | 36.6 ± 0.2 | 36.7 ± 1.2 | 36.7 ± 0.5 | 0.91 |
Highest during first 24 h | 37.9 ± 0.8 | 37.7 ± 0.8 | 38.0 ± 1.2 | 0.36 |
Initial arterial pH | 7.38 ± 0.08 | 7.36 ± 0.12 | 7.40 ± 0.06 | 0.23 |
Initial lactate level (mmol/L) | 2.54 ± 0.67 | 3.23 ± 1.36 | 2.10 ± 1.75 | 0.17 |
Time to final glycemia normalization (min) | 180 [60–705] | 480 [120–720] | 180 [67–630] | 0.78 |
Mechanical ventilation | 46 (94) | 16 (89) | 30 (97) | 0.55 |
Length of mechanical ventilation (days) | 7 [3–12] | 4.5 [2–8] | 8 [6–13] | 0.08 |
Normal EEG (n = 34) | 1(3) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0.37 |
Normal brain imaging (n = 45) | 25 (55) | 11 (73) | 14 (46) | 0.009 |
Acquired ICU complications | ||||
Pneumonia | 25 (51) | 8 (44) | 17 (55) | 0.28 |
Septic shock | 8 (16) | 3 (17) | 5 (16) | 0.78 |
ICU length of stay (days) | 11 [5.5–17] | 8 [4–14] | 11 [7–17] | 0.57 |
At least 1-year follow-up, days (n = 27) | 840 [394–1768] | 826 [407–1906] | 1373 [388–1997] | 0.93 |