Etiologies, diagnostic work-up and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome with no common risk factor: a prospective multicenter study

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Management of ARDS patients meeting ARDS criteria within 48 h of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure onset (n = 2813)

Parameters	ARDS patients with ≥1 risk factor identified (n = 2579)	ARDS patients with no risk factor identified (n = 234)	p value^a
Diagnostic procedures
Assessment of LHFP	1780 (68.4)	160 (69.4)	>0.99
Echocardiography	1636 (63.4)	151 (64.5)	0.79
Pulmonary artery catheter	103 (4.0)	14 (6.0)	0.20
TTP	166 (6.4)	10 (4.3)	0.24
Other methods	155 (6.0)	12 (5.1)	0.69
Chest CT scan	617 (23.9)	75 (32.1)	<0.01
Number of chest CT scan	0 [0–0]	0 [0–1]	<0.01
Open lung biopsy	5 (0.2)	6 (2.6)	<0.01
Treatment of ARDS
Neuromuscular blocking agents
In the 1st 72 h of ARDS	440 (17.1)	26 (11.1)	0.02
At any time during ICU stay	517 (20.0)	33 (14.1)	0.04
Recruitment maneuvers
In the 1st 72 h of ARDS	446 (17.3)	30 (12.8)	0.10
At any time during ICU stay	506 (19.6)	33 (14.1)	0.05
Prone positioning
In the 1st 72 h of ARDS	134 (5.2)	8 (3.4)	0.30
At any time during ICU stay	190 (7.4)	11 (4.7)	0.17
ECMO
In the 1st 72 h of ARDS	60 (2.3)	6 (2.6)	>0.99
At any time during ICU stay	70 (2.7)	8 (3.4)	0.67
Inhaled vasodilators
In the 1st 72 h of ARDS	156 (6.0)	7 (3.0)	0.08
At any time during ICU stay	200 (7.9)	10 (3.8)	0.02
Corticosteroids
In the 1st 72 h of ARDS	367 (14.2)	39 (16.7)	0.36
At any time during ICU stay	467 (18.1)	41 (17.5)	0.89

Categorical variables are shown as n (%)
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CT, computed tomography; LHFP, left heart filling pressure; TTP, transpulmonary thermodilution device; ICU, intensive care unit; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
^a p value represents comparisons across ARDS with or without known risk factor; parametric or nonparametric tests were used according to the distribution of variables