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Table 3 Risk factors and etiologies identified for ARDS patients meeting ARDS criteria within 48 h of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure onset (n = 2813)

From: Etiologies, diagnostic work-up and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome with no common risk factor: a prospective multicenter study

Common risk factors a identified in 2579 ARDS patients b

 

 Pneumonia

1683 (65.2)

 Non-pulmonary sepsis

455 (17.6)

 Aspiration of gastric contents

402 (15.6)

 Non-cardiogenic shock

214 (8.3)

 Major trauma

112 (4.3)

 Blood transfusion

111 (4.3)

 Pulmonary contusion

87 (3.4)

 Inhalational injury

70 (2.7)

 Pancreatitis

59 (2.3)

 Drug overdose

51 (2.0)

 Pulmonary vasculitisc

38 (1.5)

 Burn

8 (0.3)

 Drowning

2 (0.1)

 Othersd

74 (2.9)

Etiologies for ARDS in 234 patients having no common risk factor identified

 

 Interstitial lung disease

9 (3.8)e

 Drug-induced ARDS

8 (3.4)f

 Massive hemoptysis

8 (3.4)

 Pulmonary embolism

3 (3.4)

 Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage

3 (3.4)

 Alveolar proteinosis

3 (3.4)

 Miscellaneous

11 (4.7)g

 No etiology identified

189 (80.8)

  1. Variables are shown as n (%)
  2. ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  3. aAs listed in the Berlin definition of ARDS [1]
  4. bSome patients had several risk factors
  5. c Including 24 patients who had both one or more common risk factors for ARDS and pulmonary vasculitis
  6. dIncludes conditions likely to be associated with common risk factors (e.g., major surgery (n = 23), coma/neurological disorders (n = 16), cardiogenic shock or cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 9), cardiac arrest (n = 8), and others (n = 18))
  7. eWith no specific diagnosis
  8. fIncluding amiodarone (n = 4), bicalutamide (n = 1), warfarin (n = 1), chemotherapy agent (n = 1), not specified (n = 1)
  9. gIncluding lung tumoral infiltration (n = 2), acute interstitial pneumonia (n = 1), Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytic syndrome (n = 1), lymphoproliferative disease with lung involvement (n = 1), graft versus host disease (n = 1), primary graft dysfunction (n = 1), gas embolism (n = 1), ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (n = 1), Castleman’s disease (n = 1)