Table 1 Studies’ characteristics
Sirvent JM et al. | Acquarolo A et al. | Vallés J et al. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year published | 1997 | 2007 | 2013 | |||
Country | Spain | Italy | Spain | |||
Study design | RCT | RCT | Prospective study with historical control or non-randomized control | |||
Inclusion criteria | Head injury or coma due to stroke or surgery for space occupying lesions with Glasgow ≤ 12 | Adults, comatose patients (GCS ≤ 8) in mechanical ventilation | Adults, comatose patients (GCS ≤ 8) in mechanical ventilation | |||
Tested antibiotic | Cefuroxime | Ampicillin–sulbactam | Ceftriaxone or ertapenem or levofloxacin | |||
Antibiotics used in control group?b | Yes | Yes | No | |||
Intervention group | Control group | Intervention group | Control group | Intervention group | Control group | |
Number of subjects | 50 | 50 | 19 | 19 | 71 | 58 |
Age (mean ± SD), years | 42 ± 20 | 37 ± 21 | 54.8 (18.0)a | 54.6 (17.7)a | 56 ± 19 | 59 ± 16 |
Male gender, n (%) | 34 (68%) | 40 (80%) | 13 (68.4%) | 12 (63.2%) | 48 (67.6%) | 43 (74.1%) |
Glasgow Coma Scale (mean ± SD) | 7.5 ± 2.4 | 8.0 ± 1.8 | 5 (3–7)a | 5 (4–7)a | 5 ± 2 | 5 ± 2 |
APACHE II (mean ± SD) | 14 ± 5 | 13 ± 5 | 20 (17–24)a | 22 (18–23)a | 17 ± 7 | 18 ± 7 |
Early VAP, n (%) | 8 (16%) | 18 (36%) | 4 (21%) | 11 (57.8%) | 2 (2.8%) | 13 (22.4%) |
Late VAP, n (%) | 4 (8%) | 7 (14%) | 10 (episodes) | 9 (episodes) | 6.5 (incidence/1000 days MV) | 5.3 (incidence/1000 days MV) |
Total VAP, n (%) | 12 (24%) | 25 (50%) | 14 (episodes) | 20 (episodes) | 10.8 (incidence/1000 days MV) | 28.4 (incidence/1000 days MV) |
Duration of mechanical ventilation (mean ± SD), days | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 4.4 ± 2.1 | 9.9 (6.9)a | 10.6 (9.4)a | 6.4 ± 6.5 | 9.7 ± 9.6 |
ICU LOS (mean ± SD), days | 13 ± 8 | 16 ± 11 | 12.8 (8.7)a | 12.6 (9.7)a | 9.7 ± 9.8 | 14.9 ± 13.9 |
Hospital LOS (mean ± SD), days | 27 ± 16 | 28 ± 13 | Not informed | Not informed | 17.5 ± 17.7 | 23.5 ± 24.3 |
ICU mortality, n (%) | 10 (20%) | 7 (14%) | 7 (36.8%) | 8 (42.1%) | 21 (29.6%) | 18 (31%) |