Fig. 1

Tracings of airway pressure, esophageal pressure, flow, transpulmonary pressure, and tidal volume during each pressure-controlled mode of ventilation. The degree of inspiratory synchronization leads to varying in transpulmonary pressure and tidal volume. PC-CMV pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation, PC-SIMV pressure-controlled synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, PC-IMV pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation