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Fig. 3 | Annals of Intensive Care

Fig. 3

From: Heparin-binding protein (HBP) improves prediction of sepsis-related acute kidney injury

Fig. 3

Proposed mechanism for HBP’s involvement in sepsis-related AKI pathophysiology. 1 Neutrophils activated by bacterial antigen release pre-produced HBP from secretory vesicles into peripheral tissue and blood vessels. HBP is filtered through the glomeruli, and the Bowman’s capsule into the tubular lumen 2 HBP induces inflammation in tubular epithelial cells, supported by evidence of IL-6 production [7]. 3 HBP act on peritubular vascular cells inducing capillary leakage through loosened tight junctions, supported by evidence of interstitial haemorrhage and protein aggregates in extracellular matrix [7]

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