Table 1 Patient characteristics
From: Heparin-binding protein (HBP) improves prediction of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
AKI stages 0–1 (n = 410, where of 127 stage 1) | AKI stages 2–3 (n = 101, where of 70 stage 3) | No data (n) | Odds ratio (95% CI) univariable | p value univariable | Odds ratio (95% CI) multivariable risk model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 65 (54–74) | 69 (56–79) | 0 | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 0.02 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) |
Gender (female) | 153 (37.3%) | 39 (38.6%) | 0 | 1.06 (0.68–1.65 | > 0.3 | * |
Weight (kg) | 80 (68–90) | 79 (68–91) | 0 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | > 0.3 | * |
Baseline SCr (μmol/l) | 75 (60–89) | 83 (66–119) | 118 | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | < 0.001 | ‡ |
Severity of disease | ||||||
SAPS II score (points) | 38 (30–46) | 54 (40–64) | 0 | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | < 0.001 | § |
SAPS II without points for renal or age | 23 (17–29) | 26 (19–36) | 0 | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | < 0.001 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) |
Vasopressor on day one | 265 (65%) | 80 (79%) | 0 | 2.08 (1.24–3.51) | < 0.01 | † |
Mechanical ventilation | 253 (62%) | 77 (76%) | 0 | 1.99 (1.21–3.28) | < 0.01 | † |
Septic shock | 289 (71%) | 89 (88%) | 0 | 3.11 (1.64–5.88) | < 0.01 | † |
Comorbidity | ||||||
Chronic kidney disease | 24 (5.9%) | 13 (13%) | 0 | 2.38 (1.16–4.85) | 0.02 | ‡ |
Renal transplant | 5 (1.2%) | 1 (1.2%) | 2 | 0.81 (0.09–7.00) | > 0.3 | * |
Diabetes | 93 (23%) | 27 (27%) | 0 | 1.24 (0.76–2.05) | > 0.3 | * |
Hypertension | 211 (52%) | 48 (48%) | 2 | 0.85 (0.55–1.31) | > 0.3 | * |
Systolic heart failure | 48 (12%) | 9 (8.9%) | 4 | 0.76 (0.36–1.61) | > 0.3 | * |
COPD | 63 (15%) | 12 (12%) | 6 | 0.74 (0.38–1.43) | > 0.3 | * |
Any malignancy | 53 (13%) | 18 (18%) | 0 | 1.46 (0.81–2.62) | 0.21 | ‡ |
Chronic liver failure | 17 (4.1%) | 4 (4.0%) | 7 | 0.96 (0.32–2.92) | > 0.3 | * |
Source of admission | ||||||
Emergency department | 142 (35%) | 34 (34%) | 2 | 0.95 (0.60–1.51) | > 0.3 | * |
Hospital ward | 136 (33%) | 35 (35%) | 2 | 1.06 (0.67–1.68) | > 0.3 | * |
Operating room | 87 (21%) | 27 (27%) | 2 | 1.35 (0.82–2.22) | 0.24 | ‡ |
High-dependency unit | 28 (6.8%) | 5 (5.0%) | 2 | 0.71 (0.27–1.88) | > 0.3 | * |
Other | 15 (3.7%) | 0 | 2 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | > 0.3 | * |
Laboratory results max pre-ICU | ||||||
SCr (μmol/l) 48 h | 85 (62–122) | 156 (92–248) | 21 | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) |
Lactate (mmol/L) 24 h | 2.0 (1.2–3.4) | 3.3 (1.9–6.1) | 184 | 1.14 (1.06–1.22) | < 0.001 | # |
Leucocyte (10^9/L) 24 h | 12 (8–17) | 14 (8–18) | 50 | 1.01 (0.99–10.3) | > 0.3 | * |
CRP (mg/L) 24 h | 157 (64–270) | 176 (52–257) | 17 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | > 0.3 | * |
Treatment 48 h pre-ICU | ||||||
Immunosuppressive | 36 (8.8%) | 10 (9.9%) | 5 | 1.13 (.054–2.35) | > 0.3 | * |
ACE inhibitor or ARB | 107 (26%) | 22 (22%) | 9 | 0.82 (0.48–1.38) | > 0.3 | * |
NSAID | 66 (16%) | 15 (15%) | 30 | 0.87 (0.47–1.60) | > 0.3 | * |
Diuretic | 168 (41%) | 44 (44%) | 22 | 1.13 (0.72–1.78) | > 0.3 | * |
Colloid starch | 48 (12%) | 23 (23%) | 17 | 2.19 (1.26–3.81) | < 0.01 | ‡ |
Radiocontrast | 88 (22%) | 21 (21%) | 2 | 0.96 (0.56–1.63) | > 0.3 | * |
Source of infection | ||||||
Pulmonary | 224 (55%) | 34 (34%) | 0 | 0.42 (0.27–0.67) | < 0.001 | † |
Abdominal | 94 (23%) | 32 (32%) | 0 | 1.56 (0.97–2.52) | 0.07 | † |
Urinary tract | 20 (5%) | 16 (16%) | 0 | 3.67 (1.83–7.38) | < 0.001 | † |
Skin and soft tissue | 33 (8%) | 8 (8%) | 0 | 0.98 (0.44–2.20) | > 0.3 | * |
Microbiology | ||||||
Blood culture positive | 83 (20%) | 31 (31%) | 133 | 1.97 (1.16–3.35) | 0.01 | † |
E. coli | 11 (2.7%) | 9 (8.9%) | 133 | 3.76 (1.50–9.44) | < 0.01 | † |
Other gram negative | 23 (5.6%) | 8 (7.9%) | 133 | 1.51 (0.65–3.53) | > 0.3 | * |
Strep. pneumoniae | 14 (3.4%) | 5 (5.0%) | 133 | 1.53 (0.53–4.39) | > 0.3 | * |