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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 General characteristics of ECMO in patients without infected/colonised ECMO device, with ECMO device colonisation and ECMO device infection (at the time of ECMO removal)

From: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation devices-related colonisations and infections

Number of ECMOa

U-I/C ED

ED-C

ED-I

P valueb

60

33

10

 

Age (years)

48 (37–61)

57 (47–63)

43 (41–63)

0.278

Male (n, %)

35 (58.3)

23 (69.7)

8 (80)

0.122

BMI (kg/m2)

24 (22–29)

27 (24–31)

26 (24–27)

0.183

SOFA scorec

10 (7–12)

9 (7–14)

9 (7–10)

0.607

SAPS IIc

44 (39–56)

47 (38–57)

46 (36–53)

0.833

Underlying condition

 Diabetes mellitus

9 (15)

4 (12.1)

0

0.233

 Renal insufficiency

0

2 (6.1)

0

0.300

 Immunocompromisedd

5 (8.3)

6 (18.2)

1 (10)

0.402

 COPD

5 (8.3)

2 (6.1)

0

0.349

 Solid tumour

9 (15)

4 (12.1)

2 (20)

0.906

 Cirrhosis

2 (3.3)

0

0

0.272

 Statin therapy

8 (13.3)

2 (6.1)

0

0.118

ICU stay before ECMO centre admission

2 (0–8)

5 (1–10)

3 (0–4)

0.237

Reason for ECMOe

ARDS

42 (70)

28 (84.8)

10 (100)

0.011*

 CAP

18

13

5 (50)

 

 NP

20

13

4 (40)

 

 Extrapulmonary

4

2

1 (10)

 

Bridge to lung transplantation

2 (6.7)

2 (6.1)

0

0.965

Primary graft dysfunction

14 (23.3)

3 (9.1)

0

0.023*

ECMO characteristics

Mobile ECMO team

27 (45)

21 (63.6)

5 (50)

0.272

Location of ECMO cannulation

 ICU

44 (73.3)

31 (93.9)

10 (100)

0.005#*

 Operating room

16 (26.7)

2 (6.1)

0

 

Per-ECMO blood transfusion

9 (4–21)

8 (5–17)

9 (6–16)

0.934

Per-ECMO platelet transfusion

1 (0–4)

1 (0–4)

1 (0–1)

0.651

Per-ECMO plasma transfusion

2 (0–10)

0 (0–4)

0 (0–4)

0.197

Pre-ECMO steroids

14 (23.3)

8 (24.2)

2 (20)

0.903

Per-ECMO steroids

31 (51.7)

15 (45.5)

3 (30)

0.214

Pre-ECMO antibioticsf

48 (80)

29 (87.9)

10 (100)

0.085

Per-ECMO antibioticsg

58 (96.7)

33 (100)

10 (100)

0.272

Antibiotics at the time of ECMO removal

48 (80)

30 (90.9)

5 (50)

0.314

BSI during ECMOh

10 (16.7)

8 (24.2)

2 (20)

0.525

Cannulation

    

 Femoro–femoral

19 (31.7)

5 (15.2)

0

0.011*

 Femoro-jugular

41 (68.3)

28 (84.8)

10 (100)

 

ECMO circuit change (≥ 1)

24 (40)

12 (36.4)

2 (20)

0.278

ECMO duration (days)

7.5 (5–16)

12 (9–20)

13 (11–17)

0.021#

  1. Data are provided as no. (%) of ECMO or median value (interquartile range)
  2. ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, BMI body mass index, CAP community-acquired pneumonia, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, NP nosocomial pneumonia, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA sepsis-related organ failure assessment, U-I/C ED uninfected/uncolonised ECMO device, ED-C ECMO device colonisation, ED-I ECMO device infection
  3. * p < 0.05, comparison between U-I/C ED and ED-I
  4. # p < 0.05, comparison between U-I/C ED and ED-C
  5. aAmong the 99 patients, 4 underwent 2 ECMO during their ICU stay corresponding to 103 VV-ECMO
  6. b p value corresponds to the comparison between the three categories (U-I/C ED, ED-C, ED-I)
  7. cCalculated at ICU admission
  8. dIncludes patients with human immunodeficiency virus, solid organ transplantation or haematological malignancy and those receiving chemotherapy, immunosuppressive agents or long-term corticosteroid therapy
  9. eFor 2 patients, ECMO reason was thoracic surgery
  10. fPre-ECMO antibiotics correspond to antibiotics received for at least 24 h before ECMO implantation
  11. gPer-ECMO antibiotics correspond to antibiotics received immediately after ECMO implantation
  12. hBloodstream infection (BSI) under ECMO includes primary and secondary bloodstream infections
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