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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies addressing pulse pressure variation for fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients

From: Assessment of fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients: a systematic review of literature

Author, year

N

Setting

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

Ventilation

Fluid challenge

Definition of responders

Maneuvers

Soubrier, 2007 [15]

32

ICU

1. Low blood pressure

2. Tachycardia

3. Oliguria

4. Mottled skin

1. Arrhythmia

2. Lack of cooperation

SB

500 ml I.V. 6% HES over 20 min

↑CI ≥ 15%

1. ∆PP

2. ∆SP

3. ∆PPf

4. ∆SPf

M. García, 2009 [16]

30

ICU

1. Hypotension

2. Tachycardia

3. Oliguria

1. Arrhythmia

2. History of syncope

3. Lack of cooperation

SB

500 ml I.V. 6% HES over 30 min

↑SVi > 15%

1. ∆PPV by PCA

2. ∆VSP by PCA

3. PPmin

Monnet, 2009 [17]

23

ICU

1. SBP < 90 mmHg

2. Tachycardia

3. UO < 0.5 ml/kg/h

4. Mottled skin

1. Not sustain an inspiration for over 15 seconds

SB and SBmv

500 ml I.V. saline over 10 min

↑CI > 15%

1. ∆PP by PCA

2. ∆SV by PCA

Préau, 2010 [18]

34

ICU

1. SBP < 90 mmHg

2. Tachycardia

3. UO < 0.5 mL/kg/h

4. Mottled skin

1. Arrhythmia

2. Aortic insufficiency

3. VNI was warranted

SB

500 mL I.V. 6% HES over 30 min

↑SV ≥ 15%

1. ∆SV-PLR by TE

2. ∆PP-PLR

3. ∆VF-PLR by Doppler

Préau, 2012 [19]

23

ICU

1. SBP < 90 mmHg

2. Tachycardia

3. Regular cardiac rhythm

4. UO < 0.5 mL/kg/h

1. RR > 30

2 Not sustain an inspiration for over 5 s

3. Aortic insufficiency

4. MV was warranted

SB

500 mL I.V. 6% HES over 30 min

↑SV > 15%

1. ∆PP

2 ∆PPdim

3. ∆VF by Doppler

4. ∆VFdim by Doppler

Hong, 2014 [20]

59

OP

1. Age 18–80 years

2. Elective thoracic surgery

1. Arrhythmia

2. Intracardiac shunt

3. Valvulopathy

4 Cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction

SB

6 ml/kg of I.V. HES for 10 min

↑CI ≥ 15%

1. ∆PPFB by PCA

  1. ICU intensive care unit, OP operating room, SBP systolic blood pressure, UO urine output, VNI ventilation noninvasive, RR respiratory rate, MV mechanical ventilation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SB spontaneous breathing without any ventilatory support, SBmv mechanical ventilation during spontaneous mode, I.V. intravenous, HES hydroxyethyl starch, ↑ = increase, CI cardiac index, SV stroke volume, ∆PP pulse pressure variation, ∆SP systolic pressure variation, ∆PPf ∆PP during forced inspiratory effort, ∆SPf ∆SP during forced inspiratory effort, ∆PPV ∆PP during the Valsalva maneuver, PCA pulse contour analysis, ∆VSP ∆SP during the Valsalva maneuver, PPmin lowest pulse pressure, ∆SV stroke volume variation, PLR passive leg raising, ∆SV-PLR PLR-induced change in stroke volume, ∆PP-PLR PLR-induced change in radial pulse pressure, ∆VF-PLR PLR-induced change in the velocity peak of femoral artery flow, ∆PPdim deep inspiration maneuver-induced change in pulse pressure, ∆VF respiratory change in velocity peak of femoral artery flow, ∆VFdim deep inspiration maneuver-induced change in velocity peak of femoral artery flow, ∆PP FB ∆PP during forced inspiratory breathing
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