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Table 3 Performance of included studies that addressed pulse pressure variation to predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients

From: Assessment of fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients: a systematic review of literature

Author, Year

Maneuver

Sens (%)

Spec (%)

PPV (%)

NPV (%)

LR +

LR−

AUC ± SD or (95% CI)

Soubrier, 2007 [15]

∆PP of 12%

63

92

92

63

8.20

0.39

0.81. ± 0.08

∆SP of 9%

47

92

90

54

6.15

0.57

0.82 ± 0.08

∆PPf of 33%

21

92

80

44

3.01

0.85

0.72 ± 0.09

∆SPf of 30%

26

92

83

46

3.75

0.80

0.69 ± 0.10

M. García, 2009 [16]

∆PPV of 52%

91

95

91

95

17,3

0.01

0.98 ± 0.03

∆VSP of 30%

73

90

80

85

6.91

0.30

0.90 ± 0.07

PPmin of 45 mmHg

91

79

71

94

4.32

0.12

0.89 ± 0.06

Monnet, 2009 [17]

∆PP ≥ 11%

100

37

80

100

1.75

 

0.68 (0.45–0.88)

∆SV ≥ 10%

100

50

84

100

2.00

 

0.57 (0.34–0.78)

Préau, 2010 [18]

∆SV-PLR ≥ 10%

86

90

86

90

8.57

0.16

0.94 ± 0.04

∆PP-PLR ≥ 9%

79

85

79

85

5.24

0.25

0.86 ± 0.08

∆VF-PLR ≥ 8%

86

80

75

89

4.29

0.18

0.93 ± 0.04

Préau, 2012 [19]

∆PP ≥ 10%

60

100

100

76

 

0.40

0.71. ± 0.12

∆PPdim ≥ 12%

90

100

100

93

 

0.10

0.95 ± 0.05

∆VF ≥ 10%

60

100

100

76

 

0.40

0.74 ± 0.11

∆VFdim ≥ 12%

90

100

100

93

 

0.10

0.95 ± 0.05

Hong, 2014 [20]

∆PPFB = 13.7%

90

87

87

90

6.72

0.12

0.91 (0.80–0.96)

  1. Sens sensitivity, Spec specificity, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, LR + positive likelihood ratio, LR − negative likelihood ratio, AUC area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, SD standard deviation, 95% CI 95% confidence intervals, ∆PP pulse pressure variation, ∆SP systolic pressure variation, ∆PPf ∆PP during forced inspiratory effort, ∆SPf ∆SP during forced inspiratory effort, ∆PPV ∆PP during the Valsalva maneuver, ∆VSP ∆SP during the Valsalva maneuver, PPmin lowest pulse pressure, PLR passive leg raising, ∆SV-PLR PLR-induced change in stroke volume, ∆PP-PLR PLR-induced change in radial pulse pressure, ∆VF-PLR PLR-induced change in the velocity peak of femoral artery flow, ∆PPdim deep inspiration maneuver-induced change in pulse pressure, ∆VF respiratory change in velocity peak of femoral artery flow, ∆VFdim deep inspiration maneuver-induced change in velocity peak of femoral artery flow, ∆PP FB ∆PP during forced inspiratory breathing