Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression of risk factors for individuals with acute kidney injury compared to those without acute kidney injury by age categories (years)

Age per 5 years

1.39 (1.14–1.69, < 0.01)

1.21 (1.02–1.43, 0.02)

–

–

Black

1.41 (1.04–1.91, 0.02)

–

–

–

Other race

–

–

–

–

Diabetes

1.89 (1.09–3.29, 0.02)

1.86 (1.20–2.89, < 0.01)

1.52 (1.14–2.02, 0.01)

1.55 (1.28–1.85, 0.01)

Fluid balance > 5%

–

–

–

–

Malignancy

–

–

–

–

Hypertension

–

–

–

–

Cardiac disease

–

3.75 (2.23–6.29, < 0.01)

2.00 (1.47–2.72, < 0.01)

1.36 (1.12–1.64, 0.01)

Chronic kidney disease

–

–

–

–

Surgical admission

1.79 (1.44–2.23, < 0.01)

1.39 (1.14–1.71, < 0.01)

1.23 (1.05–1.72, < 0.01)

–

Vasopressor use

–

1.48 (1.04–2.12, 0.03)

1.34 (1.05–1.65, 0.01)

1.41 (1.19–1.69, < 0.01)

Mechanical ventilation

–

1.39 (1.09–2.12, < 0.01)

1.38 (1.16–1.31, < 0.01)

1.53 (1.33–1.73, < 0.01)

Moderate anemia

–

–

–

–

APACHE III score

1.02 (1.02–1.03, < 0.01)

1.02 (1.02–1.26, < 0.01)

1.03 (1.02–1.04, < 0.01)

1.03 (1.03–1.03, < 0.01)

eGFR

–

–

0.98 (0.98–0.99, < 0.01)

0.98 (0.98–0.99, < 0.01)

Hypotensive Index

1.13 (1.04–1.24, < 0.01)

–

–

1.04 (1.01–1.07, 0.01)

ACE inhibitor/ARB

–

–

–

–

Vancomycin

1.46 (1.00–2.13, 0.04)

1.56 (1.13–1.39, < 0.01)

1.39 (1.08–1.77, 0.01)

1.45 (1.18–1.77, < 0.01)

Other antibiotics

–

–

–

–

Calcineurin inhibitor

2.72 (1.45–5.12, < 0.01)

–

2.45 (1.59–3.75, < 0.01)

–

NSAID

0.51 (0.32–0.82, < 0.01)

0.68 (0.49–0.80, 0.02)

0.78 (0.63–0.96, 0.01)

0.92 (0.80–1.07, 0.03)

Other nephrotoxic medications

1.60 (1.03–2.49, 0.03)

–

–

AUC (Q1–Q3)

0.754 (0.732–0.776)

0.769 (0.749–0.789)

0.772 (0.757–0.787)

0.770 (0.758–0.781)