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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of patients without ARDS receiving mechanical ventilation, comparison of survivors and non-survivors

From: Potentially modifiable respiratory variables contributing to outcome in ICU patients without ARDS: a secondary analysis of PRoVENT

 

All (n = 935)

Survivors (n = 738)

Non-survivors (n = 197)

p valuea

Age (years)

65.0 (52.0–75.0)

63.0 (50.0–73.0)

72.0 (60.0–79.0)

< 0.001

Gender (male)

570/910 (62.6)

453/713 (36.5)

117/197 (40.6)

0.287

Ethnic

   

0.366

 African

11/903 (1.2)

7/708 (1.0)

4/195 (2.1)

 Afro-Caribbean

11/903 (1.2)

8/708 (1.1)

3/195 (1.5)

 Asian

57/903 (6.3)

40/708 (5.6)

17/195 (8.7)

 Caucasian

760/903 (84.2)

603/708 (85.2)

157/195 (80.5)

 Latin American

64/903 (7.1)

50/708 (7.1)

14/195 (7.2)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

25.5 (22.9–29.2)

25.7 (23.0–29.3)

24.7 (22.5–27.9)

0.019

PBW (kg)

64.2 (54.2–71.5)

64.6 (54.2–72.4)

64.2 (52.8–70.6)

0.143

Smoker

    

 Never

298/902 (33.0)

238/706 (33.7)

60/196 (30.6)

0.044

 Previous

153/902 (17.0)

122/706 (17.3)

31/196 (15.8)

 Former

31/902 (3.4)

26/706 (3.7)

5/196 (2.6)

 Current

174/902 (19.3)

144/706 (20.4)

30/196 (15.3)

 Unknown

246/902 (27.3)

176/706 (24.9)

70/196 (35.7)

Functional status

    

 Independent

675/900 (75.0)

569/705 (80.7)

106/195 (54.4)

< 0.001

 Partially dependent

158/900 (17.6)

96/705 (13.6)

62/195 (31.8)

 Totally dependent

40/900 (4.4)

26/705 (3.7)

14/195 (7.2)

 Unknown

27/900 (3.0)

14/705 (2.0)

13/195 (6.7)

Reason for ICU admission

    

 Planned surgery

313/902 (34.7)

292/706 (41.4)

21/196 (10.7)

< 0.001

 Emergency surgery

187/902 (20.7)

138/706 (19.5)

49/196 (25.0)

 Clinical condition

402/902 (44.6)

276/706 (39.1)

126/196 (64.3)

NIV before intubation

69/900 (7.7)

46/705 (6.5)

23/195 (11.8)

0.022

 Duration (min)

240.0 (75.0–720.0)

285.0 (74.2–626.2)

180.0 (60.0–690.0)

0.013

Risk of death* (%)

12.7 (7.0–35.1)

12.0 (4.1–30.0)

34.5 (12.9–56.8)

< 0.001

LIPS

3.5 (2.0–6.0)

2.5 (1.0–5.0)

4.5 (2.5–7.0)

< 0.001

Limitation of treatment

30/892 (3.4)

17/696 (2.4)

13/196 (6.6)

0.004

Unplanned admission

483/900 (53.7)

341/704 (48.4)

142/196 (72.4)

< 0.001

Reason for intubation**

    

 Cardiac arrest

79/900 (8.8)

46/704 (6.5)

33/196 (16.8)

< 0.001

 Anesthesia for surgery (planned)

467/900 (51.9)

412/703 (58.6)

55/196 (28.1)

< 0.001

 Depressed level of consciousness

239/900 (26.6)

179/703 (25.5)

60/196 (30.6)

0.148

 Respiratory failure

255/900 (28.4)

159/702 (22.6)

96/196 (49.0)

< 0.001

Chronic comorbidity**

    

 Hypertension

381/894 (42.6)

287/700 (41.0)

94/194 (48.5)

0.063

 Diabetes mellitus

166/896 (18.5)

125/702 (17.8)

41/194 (21.1)

0.290

 Heart failure

158/894 (17.7)

109/700 (15.6)

49/194 (25.3)

0.001

 Chronic kidney failure

94/897 (10.5)

60/703 (8.5)

34/194 (17.5)

< 0.001

 Cirrhosis

33/896 (3.7)

22/702 (3.1)

11/194 (5.7)

0.096

 COPD

107/888 (12.0)

66/695 (9.5)

41/194 (21.2)

< 0.001

  Oxygen at home

16/935 (1.7)

6/738 (0.8)

10/197 (5.1)

< 0.001

 Cancer

219/896 (24.4)

170/702 (24.2)

49/194 (25.3)

0.765

  Former

65/888 (7.3)

49/695 (7.1)

16/193 (8.3)

0.835

  Current

146/888 (16.4)

114/695 (16.4)

32/193 (16.6)

 Neuromuscular disease

19/895 (2.1)

20/701 (2.8)

4/194 (2.1)

0.726

 Immunosuppression

70/895 (7.8)

41/702 (5.8)

29/193 (15.0)

< 0.001

 Use of NIV at home

11/892 (1.2)

7/698 (1.0)

4/194 (2.1)

0.237

Severity of illness, SOFA score b

    

Total

6.0 (4.0–9.0)

5.0 (3.0–8.0)

8.0 (6.0–11.0)

< 0.001

Non-pulmonary SOFA

4.0 (2.0–7.0)

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

6.0 (4.0–9.0)

< 0.001

Pulmonary

2.0 (0.0–3.0)

1.0 (0.0–3.0)

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

< 0.001

Hematologic

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.032

Liver

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.005

Circulation

1.0 (0.0–3.0)

1.0 (0.0–3.0)

2.0 (0.0–4.0)

< 0.001

Neurology

2.0 (0.0–4.0)

2.0 (0.0–4.0)

3.0 (1.0–4.0)

< 0.001

Renal

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.0 (0.0–2.0)

< 0.001

  1. BMI body mass index, PBW predicted body weight, ICU intensive care unit, NIV noninvasive ventilation, LIPS Lung Injury Prediction Score, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
  2. *Risk of death was derived from scores on APACHE II or SAPS III
  3. **Patient can have more than one diagnosis
  4. ap value is related to comparison between survivors and non-survivors
  5. bFor all SOFA scores for which data points were missing, this value was omitted and the denominator adjusted accordingly
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