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Table 1 Patient characteristics and comparison between NRBC-positive and NRBC-negative ARDS patients

From: Nucleated red blood cells as predictors of mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): an observational study

 

All (n = 404)

NRBC positive (n = 305; 75.5%)

NRBC negative (n = 99; 24.5%)

p value

Basic characteristics

 Age (years)

50 (37; 61)

49 (38; 61.5)

49 (33; 60)

n.s.

 Sex (male) (n)

265 (65.6%)

191 (62.6%)

74 (74.7%)

< 0.05*

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

26.2 (23.3; 30.8)

26.2 (23.3; 30)

26.5 (23.4; 31.9)

n.s.

Severity of illness scores at ICU admission

 SAPS II

55 (39; 70)

56 (40; 71)

53 (36.5; 66)

n.s.

 APACHE II

27 (20; 35)

29 (21; 36)

25.5 (19; 33)

< 0.05*

 SOFA II

12 (9; 15)

12 (9; 15)

11 (8; 13)

< 0.001***

 TISS-28

51 (43; 58)

51 (43; 58)

50 (43; 56)

n.s.

Severity of ARDS

 Mild (n)

12 (3%)

7 (2.3%)

5 (5.1%)

n.s.

 Moderate (n)

174 (43.1%)

123 (40.3%)

51 (51.5%)

< 0.05*

 Severe (n)

207 (51.2%)

168 (55.1%)

39 (39.4%)

< 0.05*

Pulmonary gas exchange and mechanical ventilation (at ICU admission)

 Ppeak (cm H2O)

35 (32; 39)

35 (32; 39)

34 (31; 38)

n.s.

 Pmean (cm H2O)

24 (21; 28)

24 (21.5; 28)

23.4 (21; 27)

n.s.

 PEEP (cm H2O)

17 (15; 20)

17 (15; 20)

16.7 (15; 20)

n.s.

 Delta P (cm H2O)

18 (14.7; 21.6)

18 (14.7; 21.2)

18.7 (15; 22)

n.s.

 Tidal volume/PBW (ml/kg)

5.9 (4.7; 7.4)

5.8 (4.3; 7.2)

6.75 (5.2; 7.9)

n.s.

 FiO2

93 (70; 100)

93 (70; 100)

91.5 (70; 100)

n.s.

 PaO2 (mmHg)

135 (111; 170)

136 (113; 179)

123 (108; 165)

n.s.

 PaCO2 (mmHg)

52 (42; 64)

52 (43; 63.2)

53.3 (41.8; 67.7)

n.s.

 PaO2/FiO2

163 (126; 204)

165 (135; 225)

139 (116; 183)

n.s.

 OI

17.5 (11.8; 29.1)

17.6 (12; 28.9)

17.1 (11; 29.4)

n.s.

 Pulmonary compliance (ml/cmH2O)

28.4 (19.4; 40.7)

26.55 (17.5; 38.3)

34.1 (24.7; 44.1)

< 0.001***

 Mechanical ventilation (hours)

448 (193; 743)

484 (242; 825)

308 (154; 527.25)

< 0.001***

 ICU length of stay (days)

20 (10; 35)

22 (11; 38.5)

14 (7; 26)

< 0.05*

Etiology of ARDS

 Pneumonia (n; %)

221 (54.7%)

168 (55.1%)

53 (53.5%)

n.s.

 Sepsis (n; %)

25 (6.2%)

20 (6.6%)

5 (5.1%)

n.s.

 Immune deficiency (n; %)

61 (15.1%)

47 (15.4%)

14 (14.1%)

n.s.

 Acute-on-chronic (n; %)

46 (11.4%)

35 (11.5%)

11 (11.1%)

n.s.

 Trauma (n; %)

26 (6.4%)

18 (5.9%)

8 (8.1%)

n.s.

 Others (n; %)

14 (3.5%)

11 (3.6%)

3 (3%)

n.s.

Extracorporeal lung support

 ECLS (n; %)

231 (57.2%)

192 (63%)

39 (39.4%)

< 0.001***

 pECLA (n; %)

107 (26.5%)

79 (25.9%)

28 (28.3%)

n.s.

 ECMO (n; %)

156 (38.6%)

143 (46.9%)

13 (13.1%)

< 0.001***

 ECMO and pECLA (n; %)

32 (7.9%)

30 (9.8%)

2 (2%)

< 0.001***

 ICU mortality

182 (45%)

155 (50.8%)

27 (27.3%)

< 0.001***

  1. Discrete variables are presented as absolute numbers, median or percentage and were analyzed with Fisher’s exact test for independent groups. Continuous variables are presented as median and (25; 75) percentiles and were analyzed with the Mann–Whitney test for independent groups. NRBC positivity was defined as any NRBC value above zero at any time during the ICU stay
  2. NRBC nucleated red blood cells; SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; APACHE II Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, TISS Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System. Severity of ARDS according to the “Berlin-definition of ARDS”; Ppeak peak inspiratory pressure, Pmean mean airway pressure; PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, delta P driving pressure; PBW predicted body weight; FiO 2 fraction of inspired oxygen, PaO 2 arterial partial pressure of oxygen, PaCO 2 arterial pressure of carbon dioxide; OI oxygenation index FiO2/PaO2* Pmean; ICU intensive care unit; ECLS extracorporeal lung support; pECLA pumpless extracorporeal lung assist, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  3. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001