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Table 3 Acid–base disorders stratified according to the presence of cirrhosis and ACLF

From: Acid–base status and its clinical implications in critically ill patients with cirrhosis, acute-on-chronic liver failure and without liver disease

Metabolic disturbances on admission

Propensity score-matched controls (n = 178)

Cirrhosis (n = 178)

p value for overall cirrhosis versus matched controls

p value for the effect of ACLF category*

Overall cirrhosis (n = 178)

ACLF category

No ACLF (n = 21)

ACLF grade 1 and 2 (n = 72)

ACLF grade III (n = 85)

Acidemia

87 (49%)

86 (48%)

4 (19%)

29 (40%)

53 (62%)

1.00

< 0.01

Alkalemia

35 (20%)

52 (29%)

11 (52%)

21 (29%)

20 (24%)

< 0.05

< 0.05

Respiratory acidosis

64 (36%)

41 (23%)

3 (14%)

13 (18%)

25 (29%)

< 0.05

0.052

Respiratory alkalosis

55 (31%)

88 (49%)

10 (48%)

40 (56%)

38 (45%)

< 0.01

0.338

Metabolic acidosis

89 (50%)

112 (63%)

7 (33%)

45 (63%)

60 (71%)

< 0.05

< 0.01

Metabolic alkalosis

38 (21%)

33 (19%)

4 (19%)

16 (22%)

13 (15%)

0.596

0.365

Dilutional acidosis

1 (0.6%)

11 (6%)

0

4 (6%)

7 (8%)

< 0.01

0.205

Concentrational alkalosis

2 (1.1%)

6 (3%)

0

6 (8%)

0

0.289

0.136

Hyperchloremic acidosis

98 (55%)

78 (44%)

11 (52%)

32 (44%)

35 (41%)

< 0.05

0.399

Hypochloremic alkalosis

7 (4%)

15 (8%)

0

8 (11%)

7 (8%)

0.134

0.702

Hypoalbuminemic alkalosis

58 (33%)

86 (48%)

11 (52%)

36 (50%)

39 (46%)

< 0.01

0.516

Acidosis owing to unmeasured anions

32 (18%)

48 (27%)

1 (5%)

16 (22%)

31 (37%)

0.061

< 0.01

Lactic acidosis

65 (37%)

118 (66%)

7 (33%)

44 (61%)

67 (79%)

< 0.01

< 0.01

  1. All values are given in number (n) and percent (%)
  2. ACLF acute-on-chronic liver failure
  3. *p value calculated by univariate ordinal logistic regression