Skip to main content
Fig. 3 | Annals of Intensive Care

Fig. 3

From: Principles of fluid management and stewardship in septic shock: it is time to consider the four D’s and the four phases of fluid therapy

Fig. 3

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics fluids. Original artwork based on the work of Hahn R [29, 43]. a Volume kinetic simulation. Expansion of plasma volume (in mL) after intravenous infusion of 2 L of Ringer’s acetate over 60 min in an adult patient (average weight 80 kg), depending on normal condition as conscious volunteer (solid line), during anaesthesia and surgery (dashed line), immediately after induction of anaesthesia due to vasoplegia and hypotension with decrease in arterial pressure to 85% of baseline, (mixed line) and after bleeding during haemorrhagic shock with mean arterial pressure below 50 mmHg (dotted line) (see text for explanation). b Volume kinetic simulation. Expansion of plasma volume (in mL) is 100, 300 and 1000 mL, respectively, after 60 min following intravenous infusion of 1 L of glucose 5% over 20 min in an adult patient (solid line), versus 1 L of crystalloid (dashed line), versus 1 L of colloid (dotted line) (see text for explanation). c Volume kinetic simulation. Expansion of plasma volume (in mL) after intravenous infusion of 500 mL of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (Volulyte, solid line) versus 1 L of Ringer’s acetate (dashed line) when administered in an adult patient (average weight 80 kg), over 30 min (red) versus 60 min (black), versus 180 min (blue). When administered rapidly and as long as infusion is ongoing, the volume expansion kinetics are similar between crystalloids and colloids, especially in case of shock, after induction and anaesthesia and during surgery (see text for explanation)

Back to article page