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Fig. 4 | Annals of Intensive Care

Fig. 4

From: Principles of fluid management and stewardship in septic shock: it is time to consider the four D’s and the four phases of fluid therapy

Fig. 4

Impact on outcome of appropriate timing of fluid administration. Bar graph showing outcome (mortality %) in different fluid management categories. Comparison of the data obtained from different studies: hospital mortality in 212 patients with septic shock and acute lung injury, adapted from Murphy et al. (light blue bars) [38], hospital mortality in 180 patients with sepsis, capillary leak and fluid overload, adapted and combined from two papers by Cordemans et al. (middle blue bars) [40, 41], 90-day mortality in 151 adult patients with septic shock randomized to restrictive versus standard fluid therapy (CLASSIC trial), adapted from Hjortrup et al. (dark blue bars) [39]. See text for explanation. EA: early adequate fluid management, defined as fluid intake > 50 mL/kg/first 12–24 h of ICU stay. EC: early conservative fluid management, defined as fluid intake < 25 mL/kg/first 12–24 h of ICU stay. LC: late conservative fluid management, defined as 2 negative consecutive daily fluid balances within first week of ICU stay. LL: late liberal fluid management, defined as the absence of 2 consecutive negative daily fluid balances within first week of ICU stay

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