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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the 826 patients included in the study according to quartiles of base deficit

From: Severe metabolic acidosis after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: risk factors and association with outcome

Variable

All patients

n = 826

Base deficit quartiles

p value

[0–5]

n = 207

[5–9]

n = 206

[9–13]

n = 207

> 13

n = 206

Demographics

Male gender

564 (68.3)

156 (75.4)

148 (71.8)

139 (67.1)

121 (58.7)

< 0.001

Age (year)

61 [50, 73]

60 [51, 71]

64 [51, 77]

60 [49, 72]

62 [51, 74]

0.678

OHCA characteristics

Public setting

262 (31.8)

79 (38.3)

71 (34.5)

70 (33.8)

42 (20.4)

< 0.001

Witnessed CA

698 (87.0)

181 (90.5)

183 (92.0)

177 (88.5)

157 (77.3)

< 0.001

Bystander CPR

444 (55.8)

122 (62.2)

122 (60.7)

99 (49.5)

101 (51.0)

0.004

Initial VF/VT

414 (50.1)

129 (62.3)

121 (58.7)

92 (44.4)

72 (35.0)

< 0.001

Collapse to ROSC, min

20 [13, 30]

16 [10, 25]

20 [14, 27]

22 [15, 33]

29 [20, 40]

< 0.001

Prehosp. infusion of bicar.

113 (13.7)

17 (8.2)

22 (10.7)

28 (13.5)

46 (22.3)

< 0.001

Chronic respiratory disease

42 (5.1)

11 (5.3)

14 (6.8)

8 (3.9)

9 (4.4)

0.399

Chronic kidney disease

45 (5.5)

5 (2.4)

12 (5.9)

14 (6.9)

14 (7.0)

0.039

Biological characteristics at ICU admission

pH

7.22 [7.11, 7.31]

7.33 [7.28, 7.39]

7.27 [7.21, 7.32]

7.18 [7.13, 7.25]

7.03 [6.92, 7.11]

< 0.001

PCO2 (mmHg)

42.8 [36.0, 51.2]

41.5 [36.8, 49.7]

42.3 [36.3, 50.5]

43.5 [35.7, 52.3]

43.5 [35.1, 52.5]

0.554

Bicarbonate level (mmol/l)

17.5 [14.0, 20.4]

21.8 [20.7, 22.9]

19.1 [17.8, 20.0]

16.0 [15.0, 16.9]

10.8 [8.7, 12.7]

< 0.001

Urea level (mmol/l)

7.3 [5.7, 10.2]

6.8 [5.3, 8.9]

7.3 [5.8, 9.8]

7.5 [5.8, 10.6]

8.1 [5.7, 13.2]

< 0.001

Creatinine level (µmol/l)

106 [78, 146]

87 [69, 111]

102 [77, 130]

114 [86, 148]

136 [101, 190]

< 0.001

Phosphorus level (mmol/l)

1.7 [1.1, 2.5]

1.2 [0.9, 1.7]

1.4 [1.0, 1.9]

1.9 [1.3, 2.5]

2.9 [2.1, 3.8]

< 0.001

Lactate level (mmol/l)

5.2 [2.5, 9.2]

2.5 [1.6, 4.3]

4.0 [2.3, 5.7]

6.5 [3.5, 8.8]

11.2 [7.6, 15.0]

< 0.001

Base deficit (mEq/l)

8.8 [5.3, 13.2]

3.6 [2.8, 4.5]

6.8 [6.0, 7.9]

10.8 [9.7, 11.9]

17.8 [15.2, 21.0]

< 0.001

In-hospital characteristics

Cardiac cause-related CA

436 (56.2)

136 (68.7)

122 (61.3)

103 (54.5)

75 (39.5)

< 0.001

Post-resus. shock

480 (58.1)

87 (42.0)

109 (52.9)

119 (57.5)

165 (80.1)

< 0.001

Acute kidney injurya

     

< 0.001

 No AKI

243 (30.7)

104 (51.5)

71 (35.9)

59 (30.3)

9 (4.6)

 

 KDIGO 1

65 (8.2)

12 (5.9)

27 (13.6)

19 (9.7)

7 (3.6)

 

 KDIGO 2

45 (5.7)

17 (8.4)

13 (6.6)

10 (5.1)

5 (2.6)

 

 KDIGO 3

438 (55.4)

69 (34.2)

87 (43.9)

107 (54.9)

175 (89.7)

 

Coronary angiography

556 (67.3)

145 (70.0)

150 (72.8)

135 (65.2)

126 (61.2)

0.019

Therapeutic hypothermia

717 (86.8)

186 (89.9)

182 (88.3)

185 (89.4)

164 (79.6)

0.005

RRT at day-1

335 (40.6)

42 (20.4)

56 (27.2)

89 (43.0)

148 (71.8)

< 0.001

  1. OHCA out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ROSC restoration of spontaneous circulation, AKI acute kidney injury, KDIGO kidney disease improving global outcome, RRT renal replacement therapy
  2. p value for trend has been calculated using a Chi-square trend test for binary variables and Cuzick test for ordinal and continuous variables
  3. aMissing data are related to the missingness of basal level of creatinine in patients with chronic kidney disease