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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients according to lactate level (≤ 2 or > 2 mmol/L)
| Lactate ≤ 2 mmol/L (n = 167) | Lactate > 2 mmol/L (n = 230) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normoxia (n = 75) | Hyperoxia (n = 92) | p | Normoxia (n = 122) | Hyperoxia (n = 108) | p | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 66 (13) | 66 (12) | 0.877 | 67 (14) | 69 (13) | 0.360 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 68 (56.5–76) | 67 (59.5–74.25) | 0.842 | 68.5 (60.25–78.75) | 71 (61–79.25) | 0.501 | ||
| Men, n (%) | 48 (64.0%) | 72 (78.3%) | 0.041 | 80 (65.6%) | 57 (52.8%) | 0.048 | ||
| Weight (kg) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 69.6 (16.4) | 72 (17.1) | 0.351 | 75.4 (15.5) | 72.1 (16.5) | 0.120 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 66 (59.5–74.5) | 70.5 (60–80.8) | 0.208 | 76 (65–81.8) | 70 (60–80) | 0.047 | ||
| SAPS III | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 69.6 (10) | 68.9 (9.4) | 0.666 | 74.4 (11.5) | 74 (12) | 0.797 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 68 (63.8–75.2) | 70 (62.5–75) | 0.921 | 73 (66.2–80.8) | 71 (67–82) | 0.614 | ||
| SOFA | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 9.5 (2.5) | 9.6 (2.4) | 0.851 | 10.6 (2.9) | 10.6 (2.8) | 0.987 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 9 (8–11) | 9 (8–11) | 0.782 | 11 (8–12) | 11 (8–12) | 0.850 | ||
| Mc Cabe Score | ||||||||
| 1 | 45 (60.0%) | 62 (67.4%) | 0.308 | 79 (64.8%) | 70 (64.8%) | 0.927 | ||
| 2 | 24 (32.0%) | 20 (21.7%) | 30 (24.6%) | 28 (25.9%) | ||||
| 3 | 6 (8.0%) | 10 (10.9%) | 13 (10.7%) | 10 (9.3%) | ||||
| Recent surgical history, n (%) | ||||||||
| No | 57 (76.0%) | 75 (81.5%) | 0.422 | 82 (67.2%) | 67 (62.0%) | 0.661 | ||
| Elective | 7 (9.3%) | 4 (4.3%) | 5(4.1%) | 4 (3.7%) | ||||
| Emergency | 11 (14.7%) | 13 (14.1%) | 35 (28.7%) | 37 (34.3%) | ||||
| Preexisting disorders, n (%) | ||||||||
| Immunosuppression | 14 (18.7%) | 14 (15.2%) | 0.553 | 28 (23.0%) | 20 (18.5%) | 0.409 | ||
| Cancer | 26 (34.7%) | 24 (26.1%) | 0.228 | 36 (29.8%) | 35 (32.4%) | 0.664 | ||
| Heart failure | 5 (9.3%) | 7 (7.6%) | 0.815 | 8 (6.6%) | 4 (3.7%) | 0.491 | ||
| Chronic kidney failure | 6 (8.0%) | 7 (7.6%) | 0.925 | 15 (12.4%) | 12 (11.1%) | 0.763 | ||
| COPD | 19 (25.3%) | 17 (18.5%) | 0.284 | 11 (9.1%) | 16 (14.8%) | 0.180 | ||
| Coronary artery disease | 10 (13.3%) | 15 (16.3%) | 0.592 | 12 (10.0%) | 9 (8.3%) | 0.678 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0.502F | 11 (9.1%) | 5 (4.6%) | 0.186 | ||
| Source of infection, n (%) | ||||||||
| Lung | 44 (58.7%) | 57 (62.0%) | 0.866 | 39 (26.2%) | 37 (34.3%) | 0.739 | ||
| Abdomen | 10 (13.3%) | 15 (16.3%) | 39 (32.0%) | 35 (32.4%) | ||||
| Urinary tract | 6 (8.0%) | 6 (6.5%) | 8 (6.6%) | 10 (9.3%) | ||||
| Other community acquired infection | 15 (20.0%) | 14 (15.2%) | 36 (29.5%) | 26 (24.1%) | ||||
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 75 (12) | 75 (12) | 0.949 | 72 (16) | 72 (16) | 0.872 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 74 (67–80) | 73.5 (67–81) | 0.810 | 71 (64–83) | 70 (61.5–81) | 0.761 | ||
| Heart rate (beats per min) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 96 (24) | 99 (25) | 0.411 | 108 (25) | 107 (22) | 0.669 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 94 (82–109) | 96 (82–110.5) | 0.578 | 110 (91–124) | 105 (93–123) | 0.688 | ||
| Arterial pH | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.33 (0.11) | 7.32 (0.09) | 0.766 | 7.25 (0.12) | 7.26 (0.11) | 0.222 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 7.33 (7.26–7.40) | 7.32 (7.26–7.37) | 0.716 | 7.27 (7.18–7.32) | 7.28 (7.20–7.33) | 0.177 | ||
| Lactate (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 0.774 | 5.2 (3.6) | 4.8 (3.8) | 0.467 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.0–1.7) | 1.5 (1.0–1.7) | 0.736 | 3.7 (2.8–6.5) | 3.4 (2.7–5.2) | 0.231 | ||
| Crystalloid fluid treatment before inclusion (mL) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2883 (1397) | 2631 (1298) | 0.234 | 2876 (1392) | 3003 (1522) | 0.511 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 2500 (2000–3500) | 2250 (2000–3000) | 0.147 | 2500 (2000–3500) | 2500 (2000–3625) | 0.684 | ||
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 138 (5) | 138 (3) | 0.652 | 139 (6) | 139 (4) | 0.611 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 138 (134–142) | 139 (136–141) | 0.431 | 139 (136–142) | 139 (136–142) | 0.545 | ||
| Serum chloride (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 107 (6) | 106 (6) | 0.471 | 106 (7) | 106 (6) | 0.645 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 106 (103–111) | 105.5 (103–109) | 0.448 | 105 (102–109) | 105 (102–111) | 0.355 | ||
| Dose of norepinephrine (µg/kg/min) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.44 (0.38) | 0.56 (0.65) | 0.137 | 0.79 (0.82) | 0.75 (0.74) | 0.701 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 0.31 (0.2–0.5) | 0.35 (0.2–0.65) | 0.367 | 0.55 (0.27–1.04) | 0.50 (0.30–0.88) | 0.930 | ||
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mmHg) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 227 (102) | 191 (73) | 0.012 | 231 (108) | 232 (110) | 0.934 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 207 (143–265) | 175 (131–235) | 0.023 | 198 (143–301) | 202 (149–293) | 0.876 | ||
| Patients with PaO2 > 120 mmHg, n (%) | 37 (49.3%) | 37 (40.2%) | 0.238 | 72 (59.0%) | 61 (56.5%) | 0.698 | ||
| ARDS with PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 200 mmHg, n (%) | 36 (48.0%) | 56 (64.1%) | 0.096 | 61 (50.0%) | 52 (48.1%) | 0.779 | ||
