|
Resuscitation
|
Fluid
|
Fluid and norepinephrine
|
|---|
|
Groups
|
M-F
|
CL-PI
|
CL-FL
|
p value*
|
M-FNE
|
CL-FNE
|
p value**
|
|---|
|
Rising time (s)
|
226 (173–412)
|
252 (224–504)
|
529 (192–1141)
|
0.466
|
434 (254–1081)
|
160 (106–187)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Time in target area (%)
|
76.8 (67.9–78.2)
|
80.9 (59.1–85.3)
|
64.6 (45.7–72.9)
|
0.160
|
60.1 (46.1–72.4)
|
74.4 (58.4–84.5)
|
0.199
|
|
Time SBP < 80 mmHg (%)
|
21.3 (16.8–23.7)
|
18.6 (13.9–33.6)
|
29.8 (17.7–35.2)
|
0.481
|
34.5 (13.1–43.5)
|
12.4 (6.4–22.8)
|
0.139
|
|
Time SBP > 90 mmHg (%)
|
1.3 (0–8.7)
|
0 (0–2.5)
|
3.1 (0.1–28.1)
|
0.155
|
3.3 (0.5–18.3)
|
4.9 (3.3–17.7)
|
0.436
|
|
MDPE
|
− 2.6 (− 3.5 to − 1.7)
|
− 3.5 (− 5.3 to − 0.6)
|
− 3.5 (− 4.7 to − 2.1)
|
0.729
|
− 2.8 (− 4.9 to − 1.9)
|
− 3.5 (− 3.5 to 0.6)
|
0.587
|
|
MDAPE
|
3.6 (3.1–4.6)
|
3.5 (2.9–5.3)
|
4.7 (4.4–7.4)
|
0.071
|
4.5 (3.4–6.3)
|
3.5 (2.9–5.9)
|
0.587
|
|
Wobble
|
2.9 (2–3.7)
|
2.4 (1.8–3.5)
|
2.9 (2.4–7.1)
|
0.227
|
3.3 (2.9–4.2)
|
2.4 (1.8–4.1)
|
0.264
|
|
Global score
|
8 (6.8–12.4)
|
8.3 (5.5–16)
|
13.4 (9.4–31.9)
|
0.123
|
13 (9–23.1)
|
7 (5.7–17.5)
|
0.277
|
|
Interventions or adjustments (n)
|
29.5 (24.5–38)
|
1159 (792.5–1382)†
|
37.8 (19–52)
|
< 0.001
|
20 (16–31.5)
|
55 (30–112)
|
0.002
|
- Data are presented as median [interquartile range (lower quartile to upper quartile)]
- M-F manual fluid, CL-PI closed-loop using a PI algorithm, CL-FL closed-loop using a FL algorithm, M-FNE manual fluid and norepinephrine, CL-FNE closed-loop administration of fluid and norepinephrine, SBP systolic arterial pressure, MDPE median performance error, MDAPE median absolute value of performance error
- *p value is for Kruskal–Wallis test; **p value is for Mann–Whitney test; †p < 0.0001 in Dunn’s multiple comparisons versus M-F
