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Table 2 Characteristics and outcome of 249 mechanically ventilated patients with or without moderate-to-large pleural effusion at first spontaneous breathing trial

From: Pleural effusion during weaning from mechanical ventilation: a prospective observational multicenter study

Variables

Moderate-to-large pleural effusion

p value

Absent (n = 168)

Present (n = 81)

Male gender

98 (58%)

52 (64%)

0.38

Age (years)

61 [50–72]

69 [60–80]

< 0.001

SAPS II score at ICU admission

49 [37–62]

52 [41–67]

0.07

Comorbidities

Neurological disease

22 (13%)

6 (7%)

0.18

Cardiac disease

93 (55%)

65 (80%)

< 0.001

Cirrhosis

12 (7%)

9 (11%)

0.29

Chronic renal failure

22 (13%)

16 (20%)

0.17

Cancer or hematological malignancy

16 (10%)

22 (27%)

< 0.001

Main reason for intubation

Coma

54 (32%)

9 (11%)

< 0.001

Acute respiratory failure

51 (30%)

37 (46%)

0.02

Septic shock

22 (13%)

12 (15%)

0.71

Others

41 (24%)

23 (28%)

0.5

From ICU admission to first SBT

ARDS

32 (19%)

23 (28%)

0.096

Duration of MV before the first SBT

4 [2–7]

4 [3–9]

0.09

Dialysis

15 (9%)

16 (20%)

0.015

Biological and ultrasound data at first SBT

Serum creatinine (µmol/L)

74 [55–119]

90 [60–164]

0.07

Serum protide (mg/L)

59 [54–66]

59 [51–63]

0.19

Bilateral pleural effusion

16 (10%)

60 (74%)

< 0.001

Maximal interpleural distance (mm)

0 [0–5]

27 [20–41]

< 0.001

Condensation or atelectasis of lung adjacent to the pleural effusion at ultrasound

68 (84%)

 

Left ventricle ejection fraction (%)

60 [50–60]

50 [39–60]

< 0.001

Outcome

Pleural effusion drainage during weaning

0

4 (5%)

0.005

Prophylactic NIV post-extubation

62 (38%)

33 (43%)

0.39

Failure of the first SBT

19 (11%)

27 (33%)

< 0.001

Extubation failure

24 (15%)

15 (20%)

0.31

Weaning failurea

36 (22%)

37 (47%)

< 0.001

Weaning groupb

  

0.03

Short weaning

118 (70%)

43 (53%)

 

Difficult weaning

38 (20%)

26 (32%)

 

Prolonged weaning

16 (10%)

12 (15%)

 

Tracheotomy

4 (2%)

2 (3%)

0.97

VFD from first SBT to day 28 (days)

23 [16–26]

21 [5–24]

0.01

Death in ICU

14 (8%)

13 (16%)

0.07

Death at day 28

14 (8%)

14 (17%)

0.04

  1. Values are indicating number (%) or median [1st–3rd quartile]
  2. aAccording to the international conference consensus (three patients could not be classified)
  3. bAccording to the WIND study classification
  4. SAPS II simplified acute physiology score, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, SBT spontaneous breathing trial, NIV noninvasive ventilation, ICU intensive care unit, VFD ventilator-free days