Infectious complications following heart transplantation in the era of high-priority allocation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Infectious complications and outcomes in heart transplant recipients within 180 days after heart transplantation

Events	Overall population (n = 113)
Deaths; n (%)	19 (17)
Patients with ≥ 1 post-transplant infection(s) of all pathogens; n (%)	92 (81)
Number of post-transplant non-viral infectious episodes	181
Site of non-viral infections; n (% infectious episodes)^a
Respiratory tract	95 (52)
Skin and soft tissues	26 (14)
Urinary tract	22 (12)
Bloodstream infection of unknown origin	18 (10)
Secondary bloodstream infections	12 (7)
Mediastinitis	11 (6)
Catheter-related infection	8 (4)
Other^b	13 (7)
Patients with at least an infection caused by; n (%)^c
Overall bacteria and fungi	80 (71)
Gram-negative bacilli	63 (56)
Enterobacteriaceae	50 (44)
P. aeruginosa	24 (21)
Gram-positive cocci	35 (31)
S. aureus	4 (3)
Enterococci	19 (17)
Streptococci	10 (9)
Multi-drug-resistant bacteria	21 (19)
Fungi	16 (14)
Candida spp.	4 (4)
Aspergillus spp.	6 (5)
Other^d	6 (5)
Patients with a viral infection; n (%)	44 (39)
CMV infection	39 (34)
HSV infection	10 (9)
Patients with treated acute rejection; n (%)	24 (21)

Multi-drug-resistant bacteria: lack of susceptibility to one or more agents in three or more antimicrobial categories active against the isolated bacteria
CMV cytomegalovirus, HSV herpes simplex virus
^aOne episode could be counted multiple times according to the number of infectious sites
^bOther infections: 8 gastrointestinal tract infections, 2 central nervous system infections and 3 other infections
^cA same patient could have been infected by different germs during the same period
^dOther invasive fungal infections: (Fusarium spp. n = 1, Pneumocystis jiroveci n = 1, Microsporidium spp. n = 1, Trichosporon spp. n = 1, undefined yeast n = 2)